Public Health England Food Water and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory Porton, Salisbury, UK.
Public Health England Food Water and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory York, York, UK.
J Appl Microbiol. 2018 Feb;124(2):535-546. doi: 10.1111/jam.13660.
This study aimed to review the microbiological results for raw drinking milk (RDM) samples submitted to Public Health England laboratories between 2014 and 2016 in order to produce up-to-date data on the microbiological safety of RDM and inform future risk assessments on its sale.
A total of 902 samples of RDM were collected from retail sale in England for microbiological examination. Overall, 454 of 770 samples (59·0%) taken for routine monitoring were of a satisfactory quality, whilst eight (1·0%) were 'unsatisfactory and potentially injurious to health' due to the presence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, Campylobacter or elevated levels of Listeria monocytogenes or coagulase-positive staphylococci. In contrast, 16 of 114 (14·0%) of samples taken in follow-up to a previous unsatisfactory result and 5 of 18 (27·8%) of samples related to illness were potentially injurious. A total of 229 of 902 samples (25·4%) gave unsatisfactory results due to elevated aerobic colony counts and/or coliforms, whilst 139 of 902 samples (15·4%) were of borderline quality due to coagulase-positive staphylococci. Listeria monocytogenes was detected at levels of <100 CFU per ml in 66 of 902 samples (7·3%) and other Listeria species in 44 of 902 samples (4·9%).
Pathogens and/or indicators of poor hygiene were present in almost half of samples examined. Cows' milk samples gave a significantly greater proportion of unsatisfactory results compared to milk from other species (i.e. goat, sheep, buffalo, camel).
These results demonstrate the importance of maintaining strict controls on the production and sale of this product.
本研究旨在回顾 2014 年至 2016 年间提交给英国公共卫生实验室的生饮牛奶（RDM）样本的微生物学结果，以提供有关 RDM 微生物安全性的最新数据，并为其销售的未来风险评估提供信息。
共采集了英格兰零售销售的 902 份 RDM 样本进行微生物检验。总体而言，770 份例行监测样本中有 454 份（59.0%）质量令人满意，而由于存在产志贺毒素大肠杆菌、弯曲杆菌或李斯特菌单核细胞增生或凝固酶阳性葡萄球菌水平升高，8 份（1.0%）被认为“不满意且可能对健康有害”。相比之下，在先前不满意结果的后续调查中，114 份样本中有 16 份（14.0%），与疾病相关的 18 份样本中有 5 份（27.8%）可能有害。由于需氧菌落计数和/或大肠菌群升高，902 份样本中有 229 份（25.4%）结果不满意，由于凝固酶阳性葡萄球菌，902 份样本中有 139 份（15.4%）结果为边缘质量。在 902 份样本中，有 66 份（7.3%）检测到<100 CFU/ml 的李斯特菌单核细胞增生症，44 份（4.9%）检测到其他李斯特菌。
在所检查的样本中，近一半的样本存在病原体和/或卫生条件差的指标。与其他物种（即山羊、绵羊、水牛、骆驼）的牛奶相比，奶牛奶样的不满意结果比例显著更高。
这些结果表明，严格控制该产品的生产和销售非常重要。
