Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawahara, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; The Hakubi Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8302, Japan; World Premier International Research Initiative-Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Shogoin-Kawahara, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; World Premier International Research Initiative-Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
Neuron. 2014 Apr 2;82(1):9-23. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.03.018.
Multipotent neural progenitor cells (NPCs) undergo self-renewal while producing neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. These processes are controlled by multiple basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) fate determination factors, which exhibit different functions by posttranslational modifications. Furthermore, depending on the expression dynamics, each bHLH factor seems to have two contradictory functions, promoting NPC proliferation and cell-cycle exit for differentiation. The oscillatory expression of multiple bHLH factors correlates with the multipotent and proliferative state, whereas sustained expression of a selected single bHLH factor regulates the fate determination. bHLH factors also regulate direct reprogramming of adult somatic cells into neurons and oligodendrocytes. Thus, bHLH factors play key roles in development and regeneration of the nervous system. Here, we review versatile functions of bHLH factors, focusing on telencephalic development.
多能神经祖细胞（NPCs）在产生神经元、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞的同时进行自我更新。这些过程受多个碱性螺旋-环-螺旋（bHLH）命运决定因子控制，这些因子通过翻译后修饰表现出不同的功能。此外，根据表达动力学，每个 bHLH 因子似乎具有两种矛盾的功能，促进 NPC 增殖和细胞周期退出以进行分化。多个 bHLH 因子的振荡表达与多能性和增殖状态相关，而选定的单个 bHLH 因子的持续表达调节命运决定。bHLH 因子还调节成年体体细胞向神经元和少突胶质细胞的直接重编程。因此，bHLH 因子在神经系统的发育和再生中发挥关键作用。在这里，我们综述了 bHLH 因子的多种功能，重点介绍端脑发育。
