Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, via Gabelli 63, 35121, Padua, Italy,
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2014 Oct;71(19):3659-83. doi: 10.1007/s00018-014-1615-2. Epub 2014 Apr 4.
Influenza viruses are major human pathogens responsible for respiratory diseases affecting millions of people worldwide and characterized by high morbidity and significant mortality. Influenza infections can be controlled by vaccination and antiviral drugs. However, vaccines need annual updating and give limited protection. Only two classes of drugs are currently approved for the treatment of influenza: M2 ion channel blockers and neuraminidase inhibitors. However, they are often associated with limited efficacy and adverse side effects. In addition, the currently available drugs suffer from rapid and extensive emergence of drug resistance. All this highlights the urgent need for developing new antiviral strategies with novel mechanisms of action and with reduced drug resistance potential. Several new classes of antiviral agents targeting viral replication mechanisms or cellular proteins/processes are under development. This review gives an overview of novel strategies targeting the virus and/or the host cell for counteracting influenza virus infection.
流感病毒是主要的人类病原体，可导致全球数百万人罹患呼吸道疾病，其发病率和死亡率都很高。流感感染可以通过疫苗接种和抗病毒药物来控制。然而，疫苗需要每年更新，并且保护效果有限。目前只有两类药物被批准用于治疗流感：M2 离子通道阻滞剂和神经氨酸酶抑制剂。然而，它们往往与疗效有限和不良反应相关。此外，目前可用的药物容易迅速产生广泛的耐药性。所有这些都凸显出迫切需要开发具有新型作用机制和降低耐药潜力的新型抗病毒策略。有几类针对病毒复制机制或细胞蛋白/过程的新型抗病毒药物正在研发中。本文综述了针对病毒和/或宿主细胞的新型策略，以对抗流感病毒感染。
