Maehre Hanne K, Malde Marian K, Eilertsen Karl-Erik, Elvevoll Edel O
Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics (BFE), UIT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037, Tromsø, Norway.
J Sci Food Agric. 2014 Dec;94(15):3281-90. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.6681. Epub 2014 May 6.
The objectives of this study were to examine protein and amino acid composition, lipid and fatty acid composition, along with a range of essential minerals in common Norwegian seaweed species representing the red (Palmaria palmata and Vertebrata lanosa), green (Cladophora rupestris, Enteromorpha intestinalis and Ulva lactuca) and brown (Alaria esculenta, Laminaria digitata, Laminaria hyperborea, Fucus vesiculosus and Pelvetia canaliculata) classes and assess their potential as alternatives to cereals in food and feed. As macroalgae accumulate heavy metals, arsenic, cadmium and mercury were also analyzed.
Proteins ranged from 34 to 123 g kg(-1) dry weight (DW) and the essential amino acid levels may cover both human and salmonid requirements. Lipids were low (6-58 g kg(-1) DW), but the red algae had high relative content of long-chained omega-3 fatty acids (32-34 % of the fatty acids). Iodine contents were particularly high in the Laminaria species. Of the heavy metals only arsenic levels may be of concern.
In total, the red alga P. palmata was regarded as the best alternative to cereals in food and feed. For several of the other species, single-component extraction for the ingredients market may be better than using the whole product.
本研究的目的是检测挪威常见海藻品种中的蛋白质和氨基酸组成、脂质和脂肪酸组成，以及一系列必需矿物质，这些海藻品种代表红藻（掌状红皮藻和毛缘条浒苔）、绿藻（石莼、肠浒苔和石莼）和褐藻（糖海带、掌状海带、海带、泡叶藻和鹿角菜）类别，并评估它们作为食品和饲料中谷物替代品的潜力。由于大型海藻会积累重金属，因此还分析了砷、镉和汞的含量。
蛋白质含量在34至123克/千克干重之间，必需氨基酸水平可能满足人类和鲑科鱼类的需求。脂质含量较低（6至58克/千克干重），但红藻中长链ω-3脂肪酸的相对含量较高（占脂肪酸的32%至34%）。海带属物种的碘含量特别高。在重金属中，只有砷含量可能令人担忧。
总体而言，红藻掌状红皮藻被认为是食品和饲料中谷物的最佳替代品。对于其他几种海藻品种，为成分市场进行单组分提取可能比使用整个产品更好。
