a PhD, is an Associate Professor in the Bureau of Market Research (BMR) at the University of South Africa (Unisa) , South Africa .
SAHARA J. 2013;10(3-4):150-62. doi: 10.1080/17290376.2014.903620. Epub 2014 Apr 7.
HIV and AIDS still pose a major public health problem to most countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Zambia included. The objective of the paper is to determine changes in selected sexual behaviour and practice and HIV prevalence indicators between 2001-2002 and 2007. We used the Demographic and Health Survey Indicators Database for the computation of the selected indicators. We further used STATA 10.0 to compute significance tests to test for statistical difference in the indicators. The results indicate some changes in sexual behaviour, as indicated by an increase in abstinence, use of condoms and the decrease in multiple partnerships. The overall percentage of abstinence among never-married young men and women aged 15-24 years in Zambia increased significantly by 15.2% (p=.000) and 5.9% (p=.001) respectively, between 2001-2002 and 2007. A statistically significant increase of 6.6% (p=.029) was observed in the percentage of young women who reported having used a condom during the last time they had had premarital sex. A statistically significant decrease of 11.0% (p=.000) and 1.4% (p=.000) was observed among young men and women, respectively, who reported having multiple partners in the preceding 12 months. The factorial decomposition using multivariate analysis reveals that the indicators which contributed to the statistically significant 2.6% decline in HIV prevalence among young women aged 15-24 years in Zambia include proportion reporting condom use during premarital sex (+6.6%), abstinence (+5.9%), sex before age 15 (-4.5%), premarital sex (-2.6%), sex before age 18 (-2.4%) and proportion reporting multiple partnerships (-1.4%). Remarkable strides have been achieved towards promoting responsible sexual behaviour and practice among young people in Zambia. Further research focusing on factors that predispose young women in Zambia to higher risk of infection from HIV is required. The results from this paper should be useful in the design of programmes to control the spread of HIV and AIDS, particularly among young people in Zambia and other sub-Saharan countries.
艾滋病毒和艾滋病仍然是撒哈拉以南非洲大多数国家（包括赞比亚）面临的主要公共卫生问题。本文的目的是确定 2001-2002 年至 2007 年期间，某些选定的性行为和做法以及艾滋病毒流行指标的变化情况。我们使用人口与健康调查指标数据库来计算选定的指标。我们进一步使用 STATA 10.0 计算显著性检验，以检验指标是否存在统计学差异。结果表明，性行为发生了一些变化，表现为禁欲、使用避孕套的比例增加以及性伴侣数量减少。2001-2002 年至 2007 年期间，赞比亚从未结婚的 15-24 岁青年男女中，禁欲的比例分别显著增加了 15.2%（p=.000）和 5.9%（p=.001）。报告在最近一次婚前性行为中使用避孕套的年轻女性比例增加了 6.6%（p=.029），这一变化具有统计学意义。报告在过去 12 个月中有多个性伴侣的青年男女比例分别下降了 11.0%（p=.000）和 1.4%（p=.000），这一变化具有统计学意义。多元分析的因子分解表明，导致赞比亚 15-24 岁青年女性艾滋病毒流行率下降 2.6%的指标包括报告在婚前性行为中使用避孕套的比例（增加 6.6%）、禁欲（增加 5.9%）、15 岁以下发生性行为（减少 4.5%）、婚前性行为（减少 2.6%）、18 岁以下发生性行为（减少 2.4%）以及报告多个性伴侣的比例（减少 1.4%）。赞比亚在促进年轻人负责任的性行为和做法方面取得了显著进展。需要进一步研究导致赞比亚年轻女性感染艾滋病毒风险更高的因素。本文的结果对于赞比亚和其他撒哈拉以南非洲国家制定控制艾滋病毒和艾滋病传播的方案将具有重要意义。
