University of California, San Francisco, Center for Aids Prevention Studies, Department of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
Braz J Infect Dis. 2014 May-Jun;18(3):239-44. doi: 10.1016/j.bjid.2014.02.002. Epub 2014 Apr 3.
Increasing access and frequency of human immunodeficiency virus testing are critical to stemming the epidemic. In Brazil's concentrated epidemic, human immunodeficiency virus prevalence in the men who have sex with men/transgender population far exceeds that in the general population, but testing rates fall below what is needed to ensure early detection and treatment. Over-the-counter human immunodeficiency virus self-testing kits, now available in stores in the U.S., have enormous potential to increase testing access and frequency and to facilitate early detection and treatment. With the advent of human immunodeficiency virus self-testing upon us, it is timely to engage the scientific community, government, and civil society in a dialog around how to best utilize this technology in Brazil. We summarize recent research on over-the-counter testing among men who have sex with men, raise potential questions and challenges to using self-tests, suggest implementation strategies, and outline a research agenda moving forward.
增加人类免疫缺陷病毒检测的可及性和频率对于遏制疫情至关重要。在巴西集中流行的情况下，男男性行为者/跨性别者人群中的人类免疫缺陷病毒流行率远远超过一般人群，但检测率低于确保早期发现和治疗所需的水平。在美国，现在商店里有非处方人类免疫缺陷病毒自我检测试剂盒，它们具有极大的潜力来增加检测的可及性和频率，并促进早期发现和治疗。随着人类免疫缺陷病毒自我检测的出现，现在及时让科学界、政府和民间社会参与到围绕如何在巴西最好地利用这项技术的对话中是很重要的。我们总结了最近关于男男性行为者中非处方检测的研究，提出了使用自我检测可能出现的问题和挑战，建议了实施策略，并概述了未来的研究议程。
