Emmorey Karen
Lab for Language and Cognitive Neuroscience, 6495 Alvarado Road, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92120, USA.
Lang Cogn. 2013 Sep 1;5(2-3):205-210. doi: 10.1515/langcog-2013-0014.
I suggest two puzzles for the Mirror System Hypothesis. First, there is little evidence that mirror neuron populations for words or for signs exist in Broca's area, and a mirror system is not critical for either speech or sign perception. Damage to Broca's area (or to the mirror system for human action) does not result in deficits in sign or speech perception. Second, the gesticulations of speakers are highly integrated with speech, but pantomimes and modern protosigns (conventional gestures) are not co-expressive with speech, and they do not co-occur with speech. Further, signers also produce global, imagistic gesticulations with their mouths and bodies simultaneously while signing with their hands. The expanding spiral of protosign and protospeech does not predict the integrated and co-expressive nature of modern gestures produced by signers and speakers.
我对镜像系统假说提出两个疑问。其一，几乎没有证据表明布洛卡区存在针对单词或手势语的镜像神经元群体，并且镜像系统对言语或手势语感知并非至关重要。布洛卡区（或人类动作的镜像系统）受损不会导致手势语或言语感知缺陷。其二，说话者的手势与言语高度整合，但哑剧和现代原始手势（传统手势）与言语并非共同表达，且它们不会与言语同时出现。此外，手语者在打手语时，其嘴巴和身体也会同时做出整体的、形象的手势。原始手势和原始言语不断扩展的螺旋式发展并不能预测手语者和说话者所产生的现代手势的整合性和共同表达性。
