Weisberg Jill, Casey Shannon, Sehyr Zed Sevcikova, Emmorey Karen
Laboratory for Language and Cognitive Neuroscience, San Diego State University 6495 Alvarado Rd., Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92120 USA.
Biling (Camb Engl). 2020 May;23(3):473-482. Epub 2019 May 15.
Previous work indicates that 1) adults with native sign language experience produce more manual co-speech gestures than monolingual non-signers, and 2) one year of ASL instruction increases gesture production in adults, but not enough to differentiate them from non-signers. To elucidate these effects, we asked early ASL-English bilinguals, fluent late second language (L2) signers (≥ 10 years of experience signing), and monolingual non-signers to retell a story depicted in cartoon clips to a monolingual partner. Early and L2 signers produced manual gestures at higher rates compared to non-signers, particularly iconic gestures, and used a greater variety of handshapes. These results indicate susceptibility of the co-speech gesture system to modification by extensive sign language experience, regardless of the age of acquisition. L2 signers produced more ASL signs and more handshape varieties than early signers, suggesting less separation between the ASL lexicon and the co-speech gesture system for L2 signers.
1）有本土手语经验的成年人比只会一种语言的非手语使用者做出更多的伴随言语手势；2）一年的美国手语（ASL）教学能增加成年人的手势表达，但还不足以使他们与非手语使用者区分开来。为了阐明这些影响，我们让早期的美国手语-英语双语者、流利的第二语言（L2）后期手语使用者（有≥10年的手语经验）和只会一种语言的非手语使用者向一名只会一种语言的伙伴复述卡通片段中描绘的故事。与非手语使用者相比，早期和L2手语使用者做出手势的频率更高，尤其是象似性手势，并且使用了更多样的手型。这些结果表明，无论习得年龄如何，伴随言语手势系统都容易受到丰富手语经验的影响而发生改变。L2手语使用者比早期手语使用者做出更多的美国手语手势和更多样的手型，这表明L2手语使用者的美国手语词汇与伴随言语手势系统之间的区分度较小。
