Brugmann Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
Faculty of Psychology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
J Affect Disord. 2014 May;160:21-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.02.029. Epub 2014 Feb 28.
Depressive and anxiety disorders (DAD) are a major public health problem. Trauma endured during childhood is known to increase the risk of DAD in adulthood. We investigate the hypothesis that Sense of Coherence (SOC) is a mediator between childhood trauma and depressive and anxious symptoms (DAD) in adulthood. We also explore the nature (personality trait or aptitude) of SOC and attempt to disentangle the concepts of resilience and SOC.
Former hidden children (FHC), the Jewish youths who spent World War II in various hideaway shelters across Nazi-occupied Europe, were compared with a control group. In each group we measured the presence of multiple traumas, the resilience with the Resilience Scale for Adults, the DAD with the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist and the SOC with the SOC-13 self-report questionnaire. We tested a mediated moderation model with childhood Trauma as the predictor; Adulthood trauma as the moderator; SOC as the mediator; and DAD as the outcome variable.
Results were consistent with a sensitization model of DAD partially mediated by SOC. A first component of SOC was similar to an aptitude and another part of SOC was more similar to a personality trait.
We are unable to differentiate if the sensitization process is a consequence of the nature of the trauma endured by FHC (long-standing exposure to extreme external events) or a consequence of the fact that this first trauma occurred during childhood.
Our results could account for the controversial debate regarding the life time stability of SOC.
抑郁和焦虑障碍（DAD）是一个主要的公共卫生问题。已知儿童时期经历的创伤会增加成年后患 DAD 的风险。我们假设，心理韧性（SOC）是儿童期创伤与成年期抑郁和焦虑症状（DAD）之间的中介因素。我们还探讨了 SOC 的性质（人格特质或能力），并试图厘清韧性和 SOC 的概念。
我们将二战期间在纳粹占领的欧洲各地的各种藏身之处度过的犹太青年（前隐藏儿童，FHC）与对照组进行了比较。在每个组中，我们都测量了多种创伤的存在、成年人的韧性（用成年人韧性量表测量）、DAD（用霍普金斯症状清单测量）和 SOC（用 SOC-13 自我报告问卷测量）。我们测试了一个中介调节模型，其中儿童期创伤为预测因素；成年期创伤为调节因素；SOC 为中介因素；DAD 为结果变量。
结果与 DAD 的敏感化模型一致，SOC 部分中介。SOC 的第一个组成部分类似于能力，SOC 的另一个部分更类似于人格特质。
我们无法区分敏感化过程是 FHC 所经历的创伤性质（长期暴露于极端外部事件）的结果，还是第一个创伤发生在儿童时期的结果。
我们的结果可以解释关于 SOC 终生稳定性的争议性辩论。
