Iro H, Zenk J
Hals-Nasen-Ohrenklinik, Kopf- und Halschirurgie des Universitätsklinikums Erlangen, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg -(Direktor: Prof. Dr. Dr. H. Iro).
Laryngorhinootologie. 2014 Mar;93 Suppl 1:S103-25. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1363969. Epub 2014 Apr 7.
Salivary gland diseases in children are rare, apart from viral--induced diseases. Nevertheless, it is essential for the otolaryngologist to recognize these uncommon findings in children and adolescents and to diagnose and initiate the proper treatment. The present work provides an overview of the entire spectrum of congenital and acquired diseases of the salivary glands in childhood and adolescence. The current literature was reviewed and the results discussed and summarized. Besides congenital diseases of the salivary glands in children, the main etiologies of viral and bacterial infections, autoimmune diseases and tumors of the salivary glands were considered. In addition to the known facts, new developments in diagnostics, imaging and therapy, including sialendoscopy in obstructive diseases and chronic recurrent juvenile sialadenitis were taken into account. In addition, systemic causes of salivary gland swelling and the treatment of sialorrhoea were discussed. Although salivary gland diseases in children are usually included in the pathology of the adult, they differ in their incidence and some-times in their symptoms. Clinical diagnostics and especially the surgical treatment are influenced by a stringent indications and a less invasive strategy. Due to the rarity of tumors of the salivary glands in children, it is recommended to treat them in a specialized center with greater surgical experience. Altogether the knowledge of the differential diagnoses in salivary gland diseases in children is important for otolaryngologists, to indicate the proper therapeutic approach.
除病毒引起的疾病外，儿童唾液腺疾病较为罕见。然而，耳鼻喉科医生必须认识到儿童和青少年中的这些不常见病症，并进行诊断和开展适当治疗。本研究概述了儿童和青少年期唾液腺先天性和后天性疾病的全貌。对当前文献进行了综述，并对结果进行了讨论和总结。除了儿童唾液腺先天性疾病外，还考虑了病毒和细菌感染、自身免疫性疾病以及唾液腺肿瘤的主要病因。除了已知的事实外，还考虑了诊断、影像学和治疗方面的新进展，包括阻塞性疾病中的唾液腺内镜检查以及慢性复发性青少年涎腺炎。此外，还讨论了唾液腺肿胀的全身性原因以及流涎的治疗方法。尽管儿童唾液腺疾病通常包含在成人病理学范畴内，但它们在发病率以及有时在症状方面存在差异。临床诊断尤其是外科治疗受到严格适应症和微创策略的影响。由于儿童唾液腺肿瘤罕见，建议在具有更丰富手术经验的专业中心进行治疗。总之，了解儿童唾液腺疾病的鉴别诊断对耳鼻喉科医生很重要，有助于指明正确的治疗方法。
