Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2014 Jun;67(6):775-80. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2014.03.002. Epub 2014 Mar 21.
The mastoid emissary vein (MEV) is an anatomical structure with limited description in the literature and its importance is even less recognized in the plastic surgical field. Investigations in its anatomy and physiology have described its anthropological significance in transition to bipedalism and preferential intracranial venous flow into the vertebral plexus in the upright man. Inadvertant injury of vessels of this size pose a significant problem due not only to difficulty with haemostasis but also from their bidirectional flow and close proximity to the sigmoid sinus where cases of thromboembolism have been described. Recognition of this common anatomical structure and how to manage bleeding from the vessel it is important for the surgeon operating in this area and even more so for the craniofacial surgeon who operates on complex craniosynostotic patients where the MEV may be the sole dominant drainage pathway of the brain. We conducted a study on 106 cadaveric dry skull specimens looking at the incidence, position and caliber of mastoid emissary foramina. 83.7% of skulls were found to have at least one foramen with a mean diameter of 1.64 mm and the largest specimen measuring 7 mm.
乳突导静脉（MEV）是一种解剖结构，在文献中描述有限，其在整形外科学领域的重要性甚至更少被认识到。对其解剖和生理学的研究描述了它在向两足动物过渡中的人类学意义，以及直立人优先将颅内静脉血流导入椎丛。由于这些大小的血管不仅止血困难，而且由于其双向流动和与乙状窦的接近，因此容易造成血栓栓塞病例，因此意外损伤这些血管会带来重大问题。认识到这种常见的解剖结构以及如何处理该血管的出血对于在该区域手术的外科医生很重要，对于在复杂颅缝早闭患者中手术的颅面外科医生更为重要，因为 MEV 可能是大脑唯一的主要引流途径。我们对 106 具干颅骨标本进行了一项研究，研究了乳突导静脉孔的发生率、位置和口径。83.7%的颅骨至少有一个孔，平均直径为 1.64 毫米，最大标本测量为 7 毫米。
