Zhang B, Dong Q, Su H, Birchler J A, Han F
State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Cytogenet Genome Res. 2014;143(1-3):144-9. doi: 10.1159/000360435. Epub 2014 Apr 4.
As the main protein components of chromatin, histones can alter the structural/functional capabilities of chromatin by undergoing extensive post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, methylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, and so on. These PTMs are thought to transmit signals from the chromatin to the cell machinery to regulate various processes. Histone phosphorylation is associated with chromosome condensation/segregation, activation of transcription, and DNA damage repair. In this review, we focus on how different histone phosphorylations mark for chromatin change during the cell cycle, the relationship between histone phosphorylation and functional centromeres, and the candidate kinases that trigger and the phosphatase or kinase inhibitors that alter histone phosphorylation. Finally, we review the crosstalk between different PTMs.
作为染色质的主要蛋白质成分，组蛋白可通过经历广泛的翻译后修饰（PTM），如磷酸化、甲基化、乙酰化、泛素化、类泛素化等，来改变染色质的结构/功能能力。这些PTM被认为可将信号从染色质传递至细胞机制，以调节各种过程。组蛋白磷酸化与染色体浓缩/分离、转录激活及DNA损伤修复相关。在本综述中，我们重点关注不同的组蛋白磷酸化如何在细胞周期中标记染色质变化、组蛋白磷酸化与功能着丝粒之间的关系，以及触发组蛋白磷酸化的候选激酶和改变组蛋白磷酸化的磷酸酶或激酶抑制剂。最后，我们综述不同PTM之间的相互作用。
