Silva-Filho Reinildes, Santos Ricardo Henrique Silva, Tavares Wagner de Souza, Leite Germano Leão Demolin, Wilcken Carlos Frederico, Serrão José Eduardo, Zanuncio José Cola
Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil.
Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2014 Apr 8;9(4):e94174. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094174. eCollection 2014.
Organic mulches, like peel and rice-straw, besides other materials affect the UV and temperature, which cause a reduction in the aphid arrival. The aim was to evaluate the effect of covering the soil with straw on the populations of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae on the kale, Brassica oleracea var. acephala plants. The first experiment evaluated the direct effect of the rice-straw mulch and the second its indirect effect on aphid immigration, testing the plant characteristics that could lead to the landing preference of this insect. The third experiment evaluated the direct effect of the mulch on the aphid population. In the second and third experiments, four plants, each in a 14 L polyethylene pot with holes at the bottom, were used in areas with and without soil mulching. These pots were changed between areas, after seven days, to evaluate the effects of this change on the arrival of the winged aphids to the plants. Each plant was covered with anti-aphid gauze and inoculated with one winged M. persicae. Winged and apterous adults of this insect were counted per plant after 15 days. The temperature increased in the mulched plots to a maximum of 21-36°C and to 18-32°C in the plots with or without soil covering, respectively. Plant growth reduced the numbers of the winged aphids landing before and after they were moved to the bare soil plots. The nutrient content was similar in plants in both the mulched and no mulched plots. The population growth of M. persicae was higher in the control than in the mulched plots. This was partially due to temperatures close to 30°C in these plots and changes in the plant physiology. The soil mulching with rice-straw decreased the M. persicae landing, increased the plot temperatures and improved the vegetative growth of the kale plants.
有机覆盖物，如果皮和稻草，以及其他材料会影响紫外线和温度，从而减少蚜虫的到来。目的是评估用稻草覆盖土壤对羽衣甘蓝（Brassica oleracea var. acephala）植株上桃蚜（Myzus persicae）种群的影响。第一个实验评估了稻草覆盖物的直接影响，第二个实验评估了其对蚜虫迁飞的间接影响，测试了可能导致这种昆虫着陆偏好的植物特征。第三个实验评估了覆盖物对蚜虫种群的直接影响。在第二个和第三个实验中，在有和没有土壤覆盖的区域使用四个植株，每个植株种植在一个底部有孔的14升聚乙烯盆中。七天后，将这些花盆在不同区域之间更换，以评估这种变化对有翅蚜虫飞到植株上的影响。每个植株都用防虫网覆盖，并接种一只带翅桃蚜。15天后，统计每个植株上这种昆虫的有翅和无翅成虫数量。覆盖地块的温度最高升至21 - 36°C，有或没有土壤覆盖的地块分别为18 - 32°C。植株生长减少了有翅蚜虫在移至裸土地块前后的着陆数量。覆盖地块和未覆盖地块的植株养分含量相似。桃蚜的种群增长在对照中高于覆盖地块。这部分是由于这些地块温度接近30°C以及植物生理变化。用稻草覆盖土壤减少了桃蚜的着陆，提高了地块温度，并改善了羽衣甘蓝植株的营养生长。
