Diaz Francisco J, McLeod Paul
Department of Entomology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2005 Dec;98(6):2095-9. doi: 10.1093/jee/98.6.2095.
Application of imidacloprid to the soil in which Tabasco pepper, Capsicum frutescens L., seedlings were growing was highly effective against the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). In just 48 h after the soil drench, aphid numbers on treated plants declined from 292.1 to 33.0 per plant, a reduction of 89%. By 72 and 96 h after the application, the reductions were 97 and 100%, respectively. Reductions in green peach aphid numbers also indicated that imidacloprid readily moved throughout the Tabasco pepper plant. Although, initial green peach aphid reductions at 24 and 48 h after imidacloprid application to soil, were greater on the lower leaves than on the upper leaves, by 72 h toxicity was high throughout the plant. At 48 h, overall green peach aphid reduction on seedlings grown in wet soil was significantly higher than that on plants growing in the drier soil. Regardless of soil moisture or leaf location, no live green peach aphids were detected on treated seedlings after 96 h. After the initial uptake period, toxicity to green peach aphid remained high for 5 wk. Under Tabasco pepper production conditions in Central America, the greatest need for aphid management is just after transplanting. Imidacloprid soil drenches before transplanting should offer the Tabasco pepper producer an extended period of aphid-free production.
将吡虫啉施用于种植墨西哥辣椒（Capsicum frutescens L.）幼苗的土壤中，对桃蚜（Myzus persicae (Sulzer)）（半翅目：蚜科）具有高效防治效果。在土壤浇灌后仅48小时，处理过的植株上的蚜虫数量从每株292.1只降至33.0只，减少了89%。施药后72小时和96小时，减少率分别为97%和100%。桃蚜数量的减少还表明吡虫啉能在墨西哥辣椒植株内迅速传导。虽然在吡虫啉施用于土壤后24小时和48小时，下部叶片上的桃蚜初始减少量比上部叶片上的大，但到72小时时，整株植物的毒性都很高。在48小时时，生长在湿润土壤中的幼苗上的桃蚜总体减少量显著高于生长在较干燥土壤中的植株。无论土壤湿度或叶片位置如何，96小时后在处理过的幼苗上未检测到活的桃蚜。在初始吸收期后，对桃蚜的毒性在5周内仍保持较高水平。在中美洲的墨西哥辣椒生产条件下，蚜虫防治的最大需求就在移栽后。移栽前进行吡虫啉土壤浇灌应为墨西哥辣椒生产者提供一段无蚜虫的生产期。
