Okun Morris A, O'Rourke Holly P, Keller Brian, Johnson Kathryn A, Enders Craig
Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2015 Nov;70(6):860-70. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbu029. Epub 2014 Apr 9.
This study investigates the interplay among religiosity, spirituality, value-expressive volunteer motivation, and volunteering. We examined religiosity and spirituality as predictors of value-expressive volunteer motivation and volunteering and whether religiosity moderated the relations between (a) spirituality and value-expressive volunteer motivation and (b) value-expressive volunteer motivation and volunteering.
After applying multiple imputation procedures to data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study among participants 64-67 years old who survived beyond 2004 (N = 8,148), we carried out regression analyses to predict value-expressive volunteer motivation and volunteering from religiosity and spirituality controlling for demographic variables, physical, emotional, and cognitive health, health risk behaviors, and personality traits.
Both religiosity and spirituality were significant (p < .001) positive predictors of value-expressive volunteer motivation. Value-expressive volunteer motivation and religiosity were significant (p < .001) positive predictors, whereas spirituality was a significant (p < .001) negative predictor, of volunteering. Religiosity amplified the relation between value-expressive volunteer motivation and volunteering (p < .05) but did not moderate the relation between spirituality and value-expressive volunteer motivation (p > .45).
Religiosity may provide the way, and value-expressive volunteer motivation the will, to volunteer. The implications of our findings for the forecasted shortage of older volunteers are discussed.
本研究调查宗教信仰、精神性、价值表达型志愿动机和志愿服务之间的相互作用。我们将宗教信仰和精神性作为价值表达型志愿动机及志愿服务的预测因素进行检验，同时考察宗教信仰是否调节了（a）精神性与价值表达型志愿动机之间以及（b）价值表达型志愿动机与志愿服务之间的关系。
对威斯康星纵向研究中2004年以后仍在世的64 - 67岁参与者的数据（N = 8148）应用多重插补程序后，我们进行回归分析，以从宗教信仰和精神性出发预测价值表达型志愿动机及志愿服务，并控制人口统计学变量、身体、情感和认知健康、健康风险行为及人格特质。
宗教信仰和精神性均是价值表达型志愿动机的显著（p <.001）正向预测因素。价值表达型志愿动机和宗教信仰是志愿服务的显著（p <.001）正向预测因素，而精神性是志愿服务的显著（p <.001）负向预测因素。宗教信仰增强了价值表达型志愿动机与志愿服务之间的关系（p <.05），但未调节精神性与价值表达型志愿动机之间的关系（p >.45）。
宗教信仰可能提供了志愿服务的途径，而价值表达型志愿动机则提供了意愿。我们讨论了研究结果对预计出现的老年志愿者短缺问题的启示。
