Program in Anthropology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, , 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016-4309, USA, Program in Biology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, , 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016-4309, USA, New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology (NYCEP), , New York, NY, USA, Department of Anthropology, Hunter College, City University of New York, , 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065-5024, USA.
Proc Biol Sci. 2014 Apr 9;281(1783):20132828. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2013.2828. Print 2014 May 22.
Mammalian olfaction comprises two chemosensory systems: the odorant-detecting main olfactory system (MOS) and the pheromone-detecting vomeronasal system (VNS). Mammals are diverse in their anatomical and genomic emphases on olfactory chemosensation, including the loss or reduction of these systems in some orders. Despite qualitative evidence linking the genomic evolution of the olfactory systems to specific functions and phenotypes, little work has quantitatively tested whether the genomic aspects of the mammalian olfactory chemosensory systems are correlated to anatomical diversity. We show that the genomic and anatomical variation in these systems is tightly linked in both the VNS and the MOS, though the signature of selection is different in each system. Specifically, the MOS appears to vary based on absolute organ and gene family size while the VNS appears to vary according to the relative proportion of functional genes and relative anatomical size and complexity. Furthermore, there is little evidence that these two systems are evolving in a linked fashion. The relationships between genomic and anatomical diversity strongly support a role for natural selection in shaping both the anatomical and genomic evolution of the olfactory chemosensory systems in mammals.
气味探测的主要嗅觉系统（MOS）和信息素探测的犁鼻器系统（VNS）。哺乳动物在嗅觉化学感觉方面的解剖结构和基因组侧重点各不相同，包括在某些目数中这些系统的丧失或减少。尽管有定性证据将嗅觉系统的基因组进化与特定的功能和表型联系起来，但很少有工作定量测试哺乳动物嗅觉化学感觉系统的基因组方面是否与解剖多样性相关。我们表明，这些系统的基因组和解剖结构的变化在 VNS 和 MOS 中都紧密相关，尽管每个系统中的选择特征都不同。具体而言，MOS 似乎根据器官和基因家族的绝对大小而变化，而 VNS 似乎根据功能基因的相对比例以及相对解剖大小和复杂性而变化。此外，几乎没有证据表明这两个系统以关联的方式进化。基因组和解剖结构多样性之间的关系强烈支持自然选择在塑造哺乳动物嗅觉化学感觉系统的解剖结构和基因组进化方面的作用。
