Markham A, Bains R, Franklin P, Spedding M
Department of Pharmacy, Health & Well Being, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK.
Br J Pharmacol. 2014 Apr;171(8):2206-29. doi: 10.1111/bph.12531.
The brain is at the very limit of its energy supply and has evolved specific means of adapting function to energy supply, of which mitochondria form a crucial link. Neurotrophic and inflammatory processes may not only have opposite effects on neuroplasticity, but also involve opposite effects on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolytic processes, respectively, modulated by stress and glucocorticoids, which also have marked effects on mood. Neurodegenerative processes show marked disorders in oxidative metabolism in key brain areas, sometimes decades before symptoms appear (Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases). We argue that brain-derived neurotrophic factor couples activity to changes in respiratory efficiency and these effects may be opposed by inflammatory cytokines, a key factor in neurodegenerative processes.
大脑正处于能量供应的极限，并进化出了使功能适应能量供应的特定方式，其中线粒体构成了关键环节。神经营养和炎症过程不仅可能对神经可塑性产生相反的影响，还可能分别对线粒体氧化磷酸化和糖酵解过程产生相反的影响，这些过程受到压力和糖皮质激素的调节，而压力和糖皮质激素对情绪也有显著影响。神经退行性过程在关键脑区的氧化代谢中表现出明显紊乱，有时在症状出现前几十年就已出现（帕金森病和阿尔茨海默病）。我们认为，脑源性神经营养因子将活动与呼吸效率的变化联系起来，而这些影响可能会被炎症细胞因子所抵消，炎症细胞因子是神经退行性过程中的一个关键因素。
