[依据《精神健康法》（PsychKG）进行的非自愿住院治疗——最强的预测因素是什么？]
[Involuntary admissions in accordance to the Mental Health Act (PsychKG) - what are the strongest predictors?].
作者信息
Juckel Georg, Haußleiter Ida
机构信息
LWL-Forschungsinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit am LWL-Universitätsklinikum Bochum.
出版信息
Psychiatr Prax. 2015 Apr;42(3):133-9. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1369866. Epub 2014 Apr 10.
OBJECTIVE
Involuntary psychiatric admissions under the Mental Health Act increased significantly nationwide. Little is known, however, about the influencing factors of this phenomenon.
METHODS
The aim of this regional cross-sectional study in North Rhine-Westphalia was to compare voluntary and involuntary psychiatric admissions (under the PsychKG NRW) regarding personal, institutional, social-psychiatric and demographic characteristics. A retrospective analysis of hospital admission registers over a period of 6 years with over 200 000 cases was conducted.
RESULTS
Elderly patients with dementia were most frequently involuntarily admitted. The existence of a locked ward in hospitals did not per se increase involuntary admissions, whereas the scope and quality of local social-psychiatric services had a major impact.
CONCLUSION
Social-psychiatric services and home-treatment must be strengthened to achieve lower involuntary admission rates and to further improve the quality of mental health care all over Germany.
目的
根据《精神卫生法》进行的非自愿精神科住院治疗在全国范围内显著增加。然而，对于这一现象的影响因素知之甚少。
方法
在北莱茵-威斯特法伦州进行的这项区域性横断面研究的目的是，比较自愿和非自愿精神科住院治疗（根据北莱茵-威斯特法伦州精神卫生法）在个人、机构、社会心理和人口统计学特征方面的情况。对6年期间超过20万例病例的医院入院登记册进行了回顾性分析。
结果
患有痴呆症的老年患者非自愿住院的情况最为常见。医院设有封闭病房本身并不会增加非自愿住院率，而当地社会心理服务的范围和质量则有重大影响。
结论
必须加强社会心理服务和家庭治疗，以降低非自愿住院率，并在全德国进一步提高精神卫生保健质量。
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