Castro Michelle A, Carlos Jackeline V, Lopes Raíssa C V, Januário Bruna L, Marchioni Dirce M L, Fisberg Regina M
a Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health , University of São Paulo , São Paulo , BRAZIL.
J Am Coll Nutr. 2014;33(2):111-9. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2013.874887.
To investigate the association of dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) with nutrient intake and to describe the foods that contribute to dietary GI and GL in elderly subjects.
This is a cross-sectional population-based survey performed in 2003, which enrolled 804 free-living Brazilian subjects aged 60 years or older. Dietary intake was measured by a single 24-hour dietary recall applied at the subjects' homes. The usual dietary GI and GL as well as the usual energy and nutrient intakes were estimated using external variance components. Dietary GI and GL were categorized in tertiles and the usual mean of nutrient intake was described accordingly. Linear association between dietary GI and GL and nutrient intake was investigated before and after energy adjustment. Foods that contributed with at least 1% of dietary GI and GL were described.
Dietary GI was positively associated with starch, total fat, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and inversely associated with total sugar, protein, fiber, and calcium. Dietary GL was strongly and positively associated with total and available carbohydrates, starch, and total sugar and inversely associated with protein, total fat, MUFA, PUFA, and cholesterol. White breads and white rice were the major contributors to dietary GI and GL in the studied population.
Dietary GI and GL are important indicators of overall quality and quantity of carbohydrates from elderly Brazilians diet and are also associated with other macronutrients such as protein, fat, and fiber. The overall dietary GI and GL reflects other dietary aspects, such as composition of the diet and combination of foods consumed.
探讨膳食血糖生成指数（GI）和血糖负荷（GL）与营养素摄入量之间的关联，并描述老年受试者膳食GI和GL的食物来源。
这是一项于2003年开展的基于人群的横断面调查，纳入了804名年龄在60岁及以上的巴西自由生活受试者。通过在受试者家中进行单次24小时膳食回顾来测量膳食摄入量。使用外部方差成分估计通常的膳食GI和GL以及通常的能量和营养素摄入量。将膳食GI和GL分为三分位数，并据此描述营养素摄入量的通常均值。在能量调整前后，研究膳食GI和GL与营养素摄入量之间的线性关联。描述了对膳食GI和GL贡献至少1%的食物。
膳食GI与淀粉、总脂肪、单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）和多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）呈正相关，与总糖、蛋白质、纤维和钙呈负相关。膳食GL与总碳水化合物和可利用碳水化合物、淀粉和总糖呈强烈正相关，与蛋白质、总脂肪、MUFA、PUFA和胆固醇呈负相关。白面包和白米是研究人群膳食GI和GL的主要贡献食物。
膳食GI和GL是巴西老年人饮食中碳水化合物总体质量和数量的重要指标，也与蛋白质、脂肪和纤维等其他宏量营养素有关。总体膳食GI和GL反映了其他饮食方面，如饮食组成和所消费食物的组合。
