Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Institute for Environment and Sustainability TP272, via E Fermi 2749, Ispra (VA), I-21027, Italy.
University of Ioannina, Department of Physics, Ioannina, GR-45110, Greece.
Sci Total Environ. 2014 Aug 1;488-489:362-8. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.116. Epub 2014 Apr 14.
The use of emerging technologies for environmental monitoring with satellite and in-situ sensors have become essential instruments for assessing the impact of environmental pollution on human health, especially in areas that require high spatial and temporal resolution. This was until recently a rather difficult problem. Regrettably, with classical approaches the spatial resolution is frequently inadequate in reporting environmental causes and health effects in the same time scale. This work examines with new tools different levels of air-quality with sensor monitoring with the aim to associate those with severe health effects. The process established here facilitates the precise representation of human exposure with the population attributed in a fine spatial grid and taking into account environmental stressors of human exposure. These stressors can be monitored with innovative sensor units with a temporal resolution that accurately describes chronic and acute environmental burdens. The current understanding of the situation in densely populated areas can be properly analyzed, before commitments are made for reductions in total emissions as well as for assessing the effects of reduced trans-boundary fluxes. In addition, the data processed here with in-situ sensors can assist in establishing more effective regulatory policies for the protection of vulnerable population groups and the satellite monitoring instruments permit abatement strategies that are close to real-time over large geographical areas.
利用新兴技术进行卫星和现场传感器环境监测已成为评估环境污染对人类健康影响的重要工具，特别是在需要高时空分辨率的地区。这在不久前还是一个相当困难的问题。遗憾的是，采用经典方法，在同一时间尺度内报告环境原因和健康影响时，空间分辨率往往不够。本工作使用新工具检查不同水平的空气质量传感器监测，目的是将其与严重的健康影响联系起来。这里建立的流程便于利用人口在精细空间网格中的归属来精确表示人类暴露情况，并考虑到人类暴露的环境胁迫因素。这些胁迫因素可以用具有时间分辨率的创新传感器单元进行监测，该分辨率可以准确描述慢性和急性环境负担。在承诺减少总排放量以及评估减少越境通量的影响之前，可以对人口稠密地区的现状进行适当分析。此外，这里使用现场传感器处理的数据可以协助制定更有效的保护弱势群体的监管政策，而卫星监测仪器则可以在大地理区域内实现接近实时的减排策略。
