Pharma Evidence Farum, Denmark.
Neurourol Urodyn. 2014 Apr;33 Suppl 1:S10-4. doi: 10.1002/nau.22593.
Sleep disturbances associated with nocturia cause direct, indirect, and intangible costs. Direct costs are primarily associated with injuries from falling. Indirect costs are associated with loss of work productivity. Intangible costs include emotional distress, behavioral modifications, feelings of loss of control, poor mood, and cancellation of planned activities. A study that compared the number of falls for patients with varying numbers of voids per night demonstrated that the incremental risk (population attributable risk [PAR]) of falling as a result of nocturia (≥ 2 voids compared with ≤ 1 void) was 16.2%. Using the 16.2% PAR, the annual direct cost of nocturia in the USA was estimated at $1.5 billion. An analysis in the EU-15 countries estimated the total annual cost of hospitalizations for hip fracture due to severe nocturia to be approximately € 1 billion. Studies have shown that periods of sick leave are significantly greater in both men and women who have more nocturnal voids, with an estimated annual indirect cost of nocturia of $61 billion in the USA. A similar European analysis showed an estimated annual cost of lost work productivity due to nocturia of € 29 billion in the EU-15. The intangible personal costs of nocturia are related to diminished quality of life and overall health status. High-quality articles on the cost of illness associated with nocturia, as well as cost-benefit analyses of nocturia treatment, are generally lacking.
与夜尿症相关的睡眠障碍会导致直接、间接和无形的成本。直接成本主要与跌倒造成的伤害有关。间接成本与工作生产力的损失有关。无形成本包括情绪困扰、行为改变、失去控制的感觉、情绪低落和计划活动的取消。一项比较了不同夜间排尿次数患者跌倒次数的研究表明，由于夜尿症（≥ 2 次排尿与≤ 1 次排尿相比）而导致跌倒的增量风险（人群归因风险 [PAR]）为 16.2%。使用 16.2%的 PAR，美国每年因夜尿症导致的直接医疗费用估计为 15 亿美元。在欧盟 15 个国家进行的一项分析估计，因严重夜尿症导致髋部骨折而住院的总年度费用约为 10 亿欧元。研究表明，夜间排尿次数较多的男性和女性的病假时间明显更长，美国每年因夜尿症导致的间接医疗费用估计为 610 亿美元。类似的欧洲分析显示，欧盟 15 国因夜尿症导致的工作生产力损失的年度估计成本为 290 亿欧元。夜尿症的无形个人成本与生活质量和整体健康状况下降有关。关于与夜尿症相关的疾病成本的高质量文章，以及夜尿症治疗的成本效益分析，通常都很缺乏。
