Ramsay Douglas S, Woods Stephen C
Departments of Oral Health Sciences, Orthodontics, and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Washington.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati Medical Center.
Psychol Rev. 2014 Apr;121(2):225-47. doi: 10.1037/a0035942.
Homeostasis, the dominant explanatory framework for physiological regulation, has undergone significant revision in recent years, with contemporary models differing significantly from the original formulation. Allostasis, an alternative view of physiological regulation, goes beyond its homeostatic roots, offering novel insights relevant to our understanding and treatment of several chronic health conditions. Despite growing enthusiasm for allostasis, the concept remains diffuse, due in part to ambiguity as to how the term is understood and used, impeding meaningful translational and clinical research on allostasis. Here, we provide a more focused understanding of homeostasis and allostasis by explaining how both play a role in physiological regulation, and a critical analysis of regulation suggests how homeostasis and allostasis can be distinguished. Rather than focusing on changes in the value of a regulated variable (e.g., body temperature, body adiposity, or reward), research investigating the activity and relationship among the multiple regulatory loops that influence the value of these regulated variables may be the key to distinguishing homeostasis and allostasis. The mechanisms underlying physiological regulation and dysregulation are likely to have important implications for health and disease.
稳态作为生理调节的主导解释框架，近年来经历了重大修订，当代模型与最初的表述有显著差异。适应性稳态是生理调节的另一种观点，它超越了其稳态根源，为我们理解和治疗几种慢性健康状况提供了新的见解。尽管对适应性稳态的热情日益高涨，但该概念仍然模糊不清，部分原因在于对该术语的理解和使用存在歧义，这阻碍了关于适应性稳态的有意义的转化和临床研究。在这里，我们通过解释稳态和适应性稳态如何在生理调节中发挥作用，对稳态和适应性稳态有了更集中的理解，对调节的批判性分析表明了如何区分稳态和适应性稳态。研究影响这些调节变量值的多个调节回路之间的活动和关系，而不是关注调节变量值的变化（如体温、身体肥胖或奖励），可能是区分稳态和适应性稳态的关键。生理调节和调节异常的潜在机制可能对健康和疾病具有重要意义。
