Ray Somrita, Baura Alendu, Bag Bidhan Chandra
Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731 235, India.
Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2014 Mar;89(3):032148. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.89.032148. Epub 2014 Mar 31.
In this paper, we have studied the Shannon "entropic" nonequilibrium temperature (NET) of quantum Brownian systems. The Brownian particle is attached to either a bosonic or fermionic bath. Based on the Fokker-Planck description of the c-number quantum Langevin equation, we have calculated entropy production, NET, and their bounds. Entropy production (EP), the upper bound of entropy production (UBEP), and the deviation of the UBEP from EP monotonically decrease as functions of time to equilibrium value for both of the thermal baths. The deviation decreases with increase of temperature of the bosonic thermal bath, but it becomes larger as the temperature of the fermionic bath grows. We also observe that nonequilibrium temperature and its lower bound monotonically increase to equilibrium value with the progression of time. But their difference as a function of time shows an optimum behavior in most cases. Finally, we have observed that at long time, the entropic temperature (for a bosonic thermal bath) first increases nonlinearly as a function of thermodynamic temperature (TT) and, if the TT is appreciably large, then it grows linearly. But for the fermionic thermal bath, the entropic temperature decreases monotonically as a nonlinear function of thermodynamic temperature to zero value.
在本文中，我们研究了量子布朗系统的香农“熵”非平衡温度（NET）。布朗粒子与玻色子或费米子热库相连。基于经典数量子朗之万方程的福克 - 普朗克描述，我们计算了熵产生、NET及其界限。对于这两种热库，熵产生（EP）、熵产生的上限（UBEP）以及UBEP与EP的偏差均随时间单调递减至平衡值。该偏差随玻色子热库温度的升高而减小，但随着费米子热库温度的升高而增大。我们还观察到，非平衡温度及其下限随时间的推进单调增加至平衡值。但它们随时间的差值在大多数情况下呈现出最优行为。最后，我们观察到，在长时间情况下，（对于玻色子热库）熵温度首先作为热力学温度（TT）的函数非线性增加，并且如果TT足够大，则它线性增长。但对于费米子热库，熵温度作为热力学温度的非线性函数单调降低至零值。
