Sui Xiaojing, Liu Jianjun, Yang Xifei
Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
Neurosci Bull. 2014 Apr;30(2):233-42. doi: 10.1007/s12264-013-1412-1. Epub 2014 Apr 15.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder that takes about a decade to develop, making early diagnosis possible. Clinically, the diagnosis of AD is complicated, costly, and inaccurate, so it is urgent to find specific biomarkers. Due to its multifactorial nature, a panel of biomarkers for the multiple pathologies of AD, such as cerebral amyloidogenesis, neuronal dysfunction, synapse loss, oxidative stress, and inflammation, are most promising for accurate diagnosis. Highly sensitive and high-throughput proteomic techniques can be applied to develop a panel of novel biomarkers for AD. In this review, we discuss the metabolism and diagnostic performance of the well-established core candidate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers (β-amyloid, total tau, and hyperphosphorylated tau). Meanwhile, novel promising CSF biomarkers, especially those identified by proteomics, updated in the last five years are also extensively discussed. Furthermore, we provide perspectives on how biomarker discovery for AD is evolving.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种致命的神经退行性疾病，其发展过程约需十年，这使得早期诊断成为可能。临床上，AD的诊断复杂、成本高且不准确，因此迫切需要找到特定的生物标志物。由于其多因素性质，一组针对AD多种病理情况（如脑淀粉样变性、神经元功能障碍、突触丧失、氧化应激和炎症）的生物标志物对于准确诊断最具前景。高灵敏度和高通量蛋白质组学技术可用于开发一组用于AD的新型生物标志物。在本综述中，我们讨论了已确立的核心候选脑脊液（CSF）生物标志物（β-淀粉样蛋白、总tau蛋白和磷酸化tau蛋白）的代谢及诊断性能。同时，还广泛讨论了新型且有前景的CSF生物标志物，尤其是过去五年中通过蛋白质组学鉴定出的那些。此外，我们还就AD生物标志物的发现如何演变提供了观点。
