Kaczmarek Małgorzata
Ann Acad Med Stetin. 2013;59(1):81-90.
The cardiac veins have inspired numerous generations of researchers. From anatomists and pathologists to cardiologists and cardiac surgeons, the issue of the structure of heart and cardiovascular disorders- in spite of enormous progress of medicine - have not been completely discovered so far.
The material of the research comes from the collection of the Chair and Department of Normal and Clinical Anatomy of the Pomeranian Medical University and it includes 102 human hearts, of which 59 male and 43 female ones, aged from 12 and 70. Both coronary veins and arteries of the tested hearts were filled with the epoxy resin, which allowed for thorough exposing and differentiating between the venous vessels and the arterial vessels. The aim of this study was to assessing the interrelationships between the dimensions of the heart, the size of the coronary sinus, the length of the cardiac veins and a sex. Also determined the frequency and variability of cardiac veins run in the material, as well as the correlation between the topography of the course of the great cardiac vein, the middle cardiac vein, the branches of the left and right coronary arteries and the cardiac size and a gender. The measurements of the heart and the veins were made with the use of a pair of spherical compasses, an electronic caliper, a goniometer and a planimeter.
It was found that the size of the male heart is statistically significantly greater than the female one. The dimensions of the heart correlated positively with the diameter and the length of the coronary sinus (CS) and the length of the great cardiac vein (GCV), the middle cardiac vein (MCV) and the small cardiac vein (SCV). The length of the CS positively correlated with its diameter and the length of the veins draining into it. The veins which were not always present in the tested material included: the SCV, the right marginal vein (RMV), the oblique vein of the left atrium (OVLA), the left marginal vein (LMV). It was found that the length of the GCV and the MCV in males were statistically significantly greater. The length of the MCV positively correlated with the length of the GCV, the SCV, the OVLA, the posterior vein of the left ventricle (PVLV), the LMV. The anastomoses between the GCV and the MCV were more often found in males and it was a statistically significant difference. It was found that there is a positive correlation between the venous arch connecting the GCV and the MCV and the length of the GCV. The anastomoses between the PVLV and the MCV and the LMV did not correlated with a sex, but it statistically significantly correlated with the length of the right and left PVLV and with the length of the MCV.
心脏静脉激发了无数代研究人员的兴趣。从解剖学家、病理学家到心脏病学家和心脏外科医生，尽管医学取得了巨大进步，但心脏结构和心血管疾病的问题迄今尚未完全弄清楚。
研究材料来自波美拉尼亚医科大学正常与临床解剖学教研室的收藏，包括102颗人类心脏，其中男性59颗，女性43颗，年龄在12岁至70岁之间。受试心脏的冠状动脉和静脉均用环氧树脂填充，以便彻底暴露并区分静脉血管和动脉血管。本研究的目的是评估心脏尺寸、冠状窦大小、心脏静脉长度与性别的相互关系。同时确定受试材料中心脏静脉走行的频率和变异性，以及心大静脉、心中静脉、左右冠状动脉分支的走行 topography 与心脏大小和性别的相关性。心脏和静脉的测量使用了一对圆规、电子卡尺、测角仪和求积仪。
发现男性心脏的尺寸在统计学上显著大于女性。心脏尺寸与冠状窦（CS）的直径和长度、心大静脉（GCV）、心中静脉（MCV）和心小静脉（SCV）的长度呈正相关。CS的长度与其直径以及汇入其中的静脉长度呈正相关。受试材料中并非总是存在的静脉包括：SCV、右缘静脉（RMV）、左心房斜静脉（OVLA）、左缘静脉（LMV）。发现男性的GCV和MCV长度在统计学上显著更长。MCV的长度与GCV、SCV、OVLA、左心室后静脉（PVLV）、LMV的长度呈正相关。GCV和MCV之间的吻合在男性中更常见，且具有统计学显著差异。发现连接GCV和MCV的静脉弓与GCV的长度呈正相关。PVLV与MCV和LMV之间的吻合与性别无关，但与左右PVLV的长度以及MCV的长度在统计学上显著相关。
