Nano-porous TiO2 layer using ultrafine nano-particles for the blocking layer in dye-sensitized solar cells.

A nano-porous TiO2 layer was produced by spray-deposition using ultrafine anatase nano-particles for the blocking layer for the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The microstructure and the electrochemical properties of the spray-deposited TiO2 layer were examined. The results of electrochemical properties showed that the spray-deposited TiO2 layer was capable to suppress the I3- ions diffusion to FTO substrate, reducing the electron recombination between the electrons on FTO substrate and I3- ions in electrolyte. In addition, the connection between TiO2 film and FTO substrate was improved by the TiO2 layer. Therefore, the short circuit current density and thereby the photo-to-electric energy conversion efficiency were improved by this blocking layer. The blocking effect of the porous layer was attributed to both the complicated pore structure of the spray-deposited layer and the enhanced connections between TiO2 film and FTO substrate. The low temperature characteristic of spray deposition approach indicates that it is suitable to the flexible-based DSCs.