Custers Annette F J, Cillessen Antonius H J, Westerhof Gerben J, Kuin Yolande, Riksen-Walraven J Marianne
Behavioural Science Institute,Radboud University Nijmegen,6500 HE Nijmegen,the Netherlands.
Institute for Behavioural Research,University of Twente,7500 AE Enschede,the Netherlands.
Int Psychogeriatr. 2014 Jul;26(7):1161-70. doi: 10.1017/S1041610214000659. Epub 2014 Apr 15.
Based on self-determination theory and adaptation theories, the study aim was to investigate the relationship between need fulfillment (of autonomy, relatedness, and competence), need importance, and depressive symptoms during the first months of living in a nursing home.
Eight-month longitudinal questionnaire study in which 75 persons newly admitted to units for physically frail residents participated at baseline. Twenty-three longitudinal participants were remaining at the third and final measurement wave.
The results show a main effect of need fulfillment and an interaction effect of need fulfillment and need importance on depressive symptoms over time. A prototypical plot shows that residents with low need fulfillment had higher initial levels of depressive symptoms that decreased modestly over time, regardless of their need importance. Residents with high need fulfillment had lower initial levels of depressive symptoms, but their trajectories differed for participants with low and high need importance. Residents with low need importance started with lower levels of depressive symptoms but remained stable over time, whereas residents with high need importance had more depressive symptoms at T1 that decreased slightly over time.
In general, depressive symptoms do not change over time. However, individual trajectories of depressive symptoms seem to depend on individual need fulfillment and need importance. The residents that consider need fulfillment to be highly important but experience low need fulfillment had higher initial levels of depressive symptoms that decreased modestly over time, although the level of depressive symptoms remained higher as compared to the other residents.
基于自我决定理论和适应理论，本研究旨在调查入住养老院最初几个月内需求满足（自主性、关联性和能力方面）、需求重要性与抑郁症状之间的关系。
进行为期八个月的纵向问卷调查研究，75名新入住身体虚弱居民护理单元的人员在基线时参与。23名纵向参与者在第三次也是最后一次测量时仍在参与。
结果显示需求满足的主效应以及需求满足与需求重要性对抑郁症状随时间变化的交互效应。一个典型的图表显示，需求满足程度低的居民抑郁症状初始水平较高，且随时间略有下降，无论其需求重要性如何。需求满足程度高的居民抑郁症状初始水平较低，但其轨迹因需求重要性低和高的参与者而有所不同。需求重要性低的居民抑郁症状起始水平较低，但随时间保持稳定，而需求重要性高的居民在T1时抑郁症状更多，且随时间略有下降。
总体而言，抑郁症状不会随时间变化。然而，抑郁症状的个体轨迹似乎取决于个体的需求满足情况和需求重要性。那些认为需求满足非常重要但需求满足程度低的居民抑郁症状初始水平较高，且随时间略有下降，尽管与其他居民相比，其抑郁症状水平仍较高。
