Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, Centre for eHealth and Wellbeing Research, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Center of Research on Psychological and Somatic disorders, Tilburg University, The Netherlands.
Gerontologist. 2019 Jul 16;59(4):635-643. doi: 10.1093/geront/gny005.
As proposed by the self-determination theory, satisfying nursing home residents' needs for autonomy, relatedness, and competence may improve their well-being. This is the first study to test the longitudinal relations of the satisfaction of these three basic psychological needs to the subjective well-being of nursing home residents and to determine whether a balance among the satisfaction of the three needs is important for well-being.
Participants in this longitudinal survey study included 128 physically frail residents (mean age 85 years) at four Dutch nursing homes. Satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs was measured at baseline, and depressive feelings and life satisfaction 5-8 months later. Absolute differences between the three basic need satisfaction scores were summed to create a score of need satisfaction balance.
All three needs were related to both well-being measures over time, although autonomy had the strongest relationships. Only autonomy and competence were uniquely associated with depressive feelings, and only autonomy was uniquely associated with life satisfaction. The need satisfaction balance score was related to well-being independent of the autonomy and relatedness scores.
These results confirm that all three basic psychological needs are important for nursing home residents' well-being, with autonomy having the strongest and most consistent relationship to their well-being. Additionally, high satisfaction of one need does not compensate for low satisfaction of another. Supporting residents' needs for autonomy, relatedness, and competence should, therefore, have a central role in nursing home culture-change interventions.
根据自我决定理论，满足养老院居民的自主、关联和能力需求可以提高他们的幸福感。这是第一项研究，旨在检验这三种基本心理需求的满足与养老院居民主观幸福感之间的纵向关系，并确定三种需求的满足平衡是否对幸福感很重要。
这项纵向调查研究的参与者包括荷兰四家养老院的 128 名身体虚弱的居民（平均年龄 85 岁）。在基线时测量了三种基本心理需求的满足情况，5-8 个月后测量了抑郁感和生活满意度。将三种基本需求满足评分的绝对差异相加，得出需求满足平衡评分。
所有三种需求都与随时间推移的幸福感测量值相关，尽管自主需求的关系最强。只有自主和能力与抑郁感相关，只有自主与生活满意度相关。需求满足平衡评分与幸福感相关，独立于自主和关联评分。
这些结果证实，所有三种基本心理需求对养老院居民的幸福感都很重要，其中自主需求与幸福感的关系最强且最一致。此外，一种需求的高满足度并不能弥补另一种需求的低满足度。因此，支持居民的自主、关联和能力需求应在养老院文化变革干预中占据核心地位。
