Nunes João A, Moreira Alexandre, Crewther Blair T, Nosaka Ken, Viveiros Luis, Aoki Marcelo S
1School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; 2Hamlyn Center, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; 3School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Western Australia, Australia; 4Brazilian Olympic Committee, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and 5School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
J Strength Cond Res. 2014 Oct;28(10):2973-80. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000499.
This study investigated the effect of a periodized training program on internal training load (ITL), recovery-stress state, immune-endocrine responses, and physical performance in 19 elite female basketball players. The participants were monitored across a 12-week period before an international championship, which included 2 overloading and tapering phases. The first overloading phase (fourth to sixth week) was followed by a 1-week tapering, and the second overloading phase (eighth to 10th week) was followed by a 2-week tapering. ITL (session rating of perceived exertion method) and recovery-stress state (RESTQ-76 Sport questionnaire) were assessed weekly and bi-weekly, respectively. Pretraining and posttraining assessments included measures of salivary IgA, testosterone and cortisol concentrations, strength, jumping power, running endurance, and agility. Internal training load increased across all weeks from 2 to 11 (p ≤ 0.05). After the first tapering period (week 7), a further increase in ITL was observed during the second overloading phase (p ≤ 0.05). After the second tapering period, a decrease in ITL was detected (p ≤ 0.05). A disturbance in athlete stress-recovery state was noted during the second overloading period (p ≤ 0.05), before returning to baseline level in end of the second tapering period. The training program led to significant improvements in the physical performance parameters evaluated. The salivary measures did not change despite the fluctuations in ITL. In conclusion, a periodized training program evoked changes in ITL in elite female basketball players, which appeared to influence their recovery-stress state. The training plan was effective in preparing participants for competition, as indicated by improvements in recovery-stress state and physical performance after tapering.
本研究调查了周期性训练计划对19名精英女子篮球运动员的内部训练负荷（ITL）、恢复-应激状态、免疫-内分泌反应和身体表现的影响。在一项国际锦标赛前的12周期间对参与者进行监测，这12周包括2个超负荷阶段和减量阶段。第一个超负荷阶段（第4至6周）之后是1周的减量期，第二个超负荷阶段（第8至10周）之后是2周的减量期。分别每周和每两周评估一次ITL（主观用力程度评分法）和恢复-应激状态（RESTQ-76运动问卷）。训练前和训练后的评估包括唾液免疫球蛋白A、睾酮和皮质醇浓度、力量、跳跃能力、跑步耐力和敏捷性的测量。从第2周到第11周，ITL在所有周均有所增加（p≤0.05）。在第一个减量期（第7周）之后，在第二个超负荷阶段观察到ITL进一步增加（p≤0.05）。在第二个减量期之后，检测到ITL下降（p≤0.05）。在第二个超负荷期注意到运动员的应激-恢复状态出现紊乱（p≤0.05），在第二个减量期结束时恢复到基线水平。该训练计划使所评估的身体表现参数有显著改善。尽管ITL有波动，但唾液测量结果没有变化。总之，周期性训练计划引起了精英女子篮球运动员ITL的变化，这似乎影响了她们的恢复-应激状态。如减量后恢复-应激状态和身体表现的改善所示，该训练计划在让参与者为比赛做准备方面是有效的。
