Martino Gianrocco, Gorini Giuseppe, Aquilini Ferruccio, Miligi Lucia, Chellini Elisabetta
Scuola di specializzazione in igiene e medicina preventiva, Università di Firenze
Epidemiol Prev. 2014 Jan-Feb;38(1):59-61.
In the European Union almost 300,000 tons of raw tobacco are produced every year, contributing for 4% of the world production. In Italy, tobacco crop produces around 90,000 tons/year and is concentrated in Veneto, Tuscany, Umbria and Campania Regions. In 1970, Common Market Organisation provided a virtually unlimited support for European tobacco production. After 2004, funds progressively has been cut by half, even though the other half has been given for restructuring or reconversion of tobacco farms through the Rural Development Plan. The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control recommends conversion of tobacco crops, although there are no effective measures. Tobacco production requires large quantities of chemicals (pesticides, growth regulators, fertilisers), with significant workers' exposure if applied without personal protective equipments. Pesticides may have genotoxic, teratogenic, immunotoxic, hormonal, and carcinogenic effects. Tobacco itself may cause also a disease called "Green tobacco sickness" syndrome, as a consequence of nicotine dermal absorption due to skin exposure to tobacco leaves. In Italy, financial resources for tobacco production and restructuring/conversion to other crops of previously tobacco planted fields are available. On the contrary, anti-smoking media interventions do not receive funds comparatively relevant as those for tobacco production.
在欧盟，每年生产近30万吨生烟草，占世界产量的4%。在意大利，烟草作物年产量约为9万吨，集中在威尼托、托斯卡纳、翁布里亚和坎帕尼亚地区。1970年，共同市场组织对欧洲烟草生产提供了几乎无限制的支持。2004年之后，资金逐渐削减了一半，尽管另一半资金通过农村发展计划用于烟草农场的重组或转型。《烟草控制框架公约》建议转换烟草作物，尽管没有有效的措施。烟草生产需要大量化学品（农药、生长调节剂、肥料），如果在没有个人防护设备的情况下使用，会使工人大量接触。农药可能具有遗传毒性、致畸性、免疫毒性、激素和致癌作用。烟草本身还可能导致一种名为“绿烟草病”综合征的疾病，这是由于皮肤接触烟草叶片导致尼古丁经皮肤吸收所致。在意大利，有资金用于烟草生产以及将以前种植烟草的田地改种其他作物的重组/转型。相反，与烟草生产相关的资金相比，反吸烟媒体干预获得的资金并不多。
