Dijker Anton J M
Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, CAPHRI, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands,
Psychon Bull Rev. 2014 Dec;21(6):1404-14. doi: 10.3758/s13423-014-0634-1.
The size-weight illusion (SWI) refers to the phenomenon that objects that are objectively equal in weight but different in size or volume are perceived to differ in weight, such that smaller objects feel heavier than larger ones. This article reviews studies trying to support three different viewpoints with respect to the role of expectancies in causing the SWI. The first viewpoint argues for a crucial role; the second admits a role, yet without seeing consequences for sensorimotor processes; and the third denies any causal role for expectancies at all. A new explanation of the SWI is proposed that can integrate the different arguments. A distinctive feature of the new explanation is that it recognizes the causal influence of expectancies, yet combines this with certain reactive and direct behavioral consequences of perceiving size differences that are independent of experience-based expectancies, and that normally result in the adaptive application of forces to lift or handle differently sized objects. The new account explains why the illusion is associated with the repeated generation of inappropriate lifting forces (which can, however, be modified through extensive training), as well as why it depends on continuous visual exposure to size cues, appears at an early age, and is cognitively impenetrable.
大小-重量错觉（SWI）指的是这样一种现象：客观上重量相等但大小或体积不同的物体，会让人感觉重量不同，即较小的物体感觉比大的物体更重。本文回顾了一些研究，这些研究试图就预期在引发大小-重量错觉中所起的作用支持三种不同观点。第一种观点认为预期起着关键作用；第二种观点承认预期有作用，但认为对感觉运动过程没有影响；第三种观点则完全否认预期有任何因果作用。本文提出了一种对大小-重量错觉的新解释，它能够整合不同的观点。新解释的一个显著特点是，它认识到预期具有因果影响，但同时将其与感知大小差异所产生的某些反应性和直接行为后果相结合，这些后果独立于基于经验的预期，并且通常会导致在举起或处理不同大小物体时适应性地施加力量。新解释说明了为什么这种错觉与反复产生不适当的举力有关（不过，这种情况可以通过大量训练得到改善），以及为什么它依赖于对大小线索的持续视觉暴露，在幼年就会出现，并且在认知上是不可穿透的。
