Rubia Katya, Alegria Analucia, Brinson Helen
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
Expert Rev Neurother. 2014 May;14(5):519-38. doi: 10.1586/14737175.2014.907526. Epub 2014 Apr 17.
A plethora of magnetic resonance imaging studies have shown that ADHD is characterized by multiple functional and structural neural network abnormalities beyond the classical fronto-striatal model, including fronto-parieto-temporal, fronto-cerebellar and even fronto-limbic networks. There is evidence for a maturational delay in brain structure development which likely extends to brain function and structural and functional connectivity, but this needs corroboration by longitudinal imaging studies. Dysfunction of the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex seems to be more pronounced relative to other pediatric disorders and is also the most consistent target of acute psychostimulant medication. Future studies are likely to focus on using neuroimaging for clinical translation such as for individual diagnostic and prognostic classification and as a neurotherapy to reverse brain function abnormalities.
大量的磁共振成像研究表明，注意力缺陷多动障碍的特征是存在多种超出经典额纹状体模型的功能性和结构性神经网络异常，包括额顶颞叶、额小脑甚至额边缘网络。有证据表明大脑结构发育存在成熟延迟，这可能延伸至脑功能以及结构和功能连接，但这需要纵向成像研究加以证实。相对于其他儿科疾病，腹外侧前额叶皮质功能障碍似乎更为明显，并且也是急性精神兴奋药物最一致的作用靶点。未来的研究可能会集中于将神经成像用于临床转化，比如用于个体诊断和预后分类，以及作为一种神经疗法来逆转脑功能异常。
