Peinado A B, Benito P J, Barriopedro M, Lorenzo I, Maffulli N, Calderón F J
Departamento de Salud y Rendimiento Humano, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2014 Jun;54(3):264-70.
During postexercise recovery, heart rate (HR) initially falls rapidly, followed by a period of slower decrease, until resting values are reached. The aim of the present work was to examine the differences in the recovery heart rate (RHR) between athletes engaged in static and dynamic sports.
The study subjects were 294 federated sportsmen competing at the national and international level in sports classified using the criteria of Mitchell et al. as either prevalently static (N.=89) or prevalently dynamic (N.=205). Within the dynamic group, the subjects who practised the most dynamic sports were assigned to further subgroups: triathlon (N.=20), long distance running (N.=58), cycling (N.=28) and swimming (N.=12). All athletes were subjected to a maximum exertion stress test and their HR recorded at 1, 2, 3 and 4 min (RHR1,2,3,4) into the HR recovery period. The following indices of recovery (IR) were then calculated: IR1=(HRpeak-RHR1,2,3,4)/(HRmax-HRrest)*100, IR2=(HRpeak-RHR1,2,3,4)/(HRmax/HRpeak), and IR3=HRpeak-RHR1,2,3,4. The differences in the RHR and IR for the static and dynamic groups were examined using two way ANOVA.
The RHR at minutes 2 (138.7±15.2 vs. 134.8±14.4 beats·min⁻¹) and 3 (128.5±15.2 vs. 123.3±14.4 beats·min⁻¹) were significantly higher for the static group (Group S) than the dynamic group (Group D), respectively. Significant differences were seen between Group D and S with respect to IR1 at minutes 1 (26.4±8.7 vs. 24.8±8.4%), 2 (43.8±8.1 vs. 41.5±7.8%), 3 (52.1±8.3 vs. 49.1±8%) and 4 (56.8±8.6 vs. 55.4±7.4%) of recovery. For IR2, significant differences were seen between the same groups at minutes 2 (59.7±12.5 vs. 55.9±10.8 beats·min⁻¹) and 3 (71.0±13.5 vs. 66.1±11.4 beats·min⁻¹) of recovery. Finally, for IR3, the only significant difference between Group D and S was recorded at minute 3 of recovery (72.2±12.5 vs. 66.2±11.5 beats·min⁻¹).
This work provides information on RHR of a large population of elite Spanish athletes, and shows marked differences in the way that HR recovers in dynamic and static sports.
在运动后恢复期间，心率（HR）最初会迅速下降，随后是一段下降较慢的时期，直至达到静息值。本研究的目的是检验从事静态和动态运动的运动员在恢复心率（RHR）方面的差异。
研究对象为294名参加国家级和国际级比赛的联合会运动员，这些运动项目根据米切尔等人的标准分为主要为静态运动（N = 89）或主要为动态运动（N = 205）。在动态运动组中，从事最具动态性运动的受试者被进一步分为亚组：铁人三项（N = 20）、长跑（N = 58）、自行车（N = 28）和游泳（N = 12）。所有运动员都进行了最大运动负荷压力测试，并在心率恢复期间的第1、2、3和4分钟记录他们的心率（RHR1、2、3、4）。然后计算以下恢复指数（IR）：IR1 =（HR峰值 - RHR1、2、3、4）/（HR最大值 - HR静息值）×100，IR2 =（HR峰值 - RHR1、2、3、4）/（HR最大值/HR峰值），IR3 = HR峰值 - RHR1、2、3、4。使用双向方差分析检验静态组和动态组在RHR和IR方面的差异。
静态组（S组）在第2分钟（138.7±15.2对134.8±14.4次·分钟⁻¹）和第3分钟（128.5±15.2对123.3±14.4次·分钟⁻¹）的RHR显著高于动态组（D组）。在恢复的第1分钟（26.4±8.7对24.8±8.4%）、第2分钟（43.8±8.1对41.5±7.8%）、第3分钟（52.1±8.3对49.1±8%）和第4分钟（56.8±8.6对55.4±7.4%），D组和S组在IR1方面存在显著差异。对于IR2，在恢复的第2分钟（59.7±12.5对55.9±10.8次·分钟⁻¹）和第3分钟（71.0±13.5对66.1±11.4次·分钟⁻¹），相同组之间存在显著差异。最后，对于IR3，D组和S组之间唯一的显著差异记录在恢复的第3分钟（72.2±12.5对66.2±11.5次·分钟⁻¹）。
本研究提供了大量西班牙精英运动员RHR的信息，并表明在动态和静态运动中，心率恢复方式存在显著差异。
