Hu Hanqiong, Gopinadhan Manesh, Osuji Chinedum O
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
Soft Matter. 2014 Jun 14;10(22):3867-89. doi: 10.1039/c3sm52607k. Epub 2014 Apr 16.
Self-assembly of soft materials is broadly considered an attractive means of generating nanoscale structures and patterns over large areas. However, the spontaneous formation of equilibrium nanostructures in response to temperature and concentration changes, for example, must be guided to yield the long-range order and orientation required for utility in a given scenario. In this review we examine directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCPs) as canonical examples of nanostructured soft matter systems which are additionally compelling for creating functional materials and devices. We survey well established and newly emerging DSA methods from a tutorial perspective. Special emphasis is given to exploring underlying physical phenomena, identifying prototypical BCPs that are compatible with different DSA techniques, describing experimental methods and highlighting the attractive functional properties of block copolymers overall. Finally we offer a brief perspective on some unresolved issues and future opportunities in this field.
软材料的自组装被广泛认为是一种在大面积上生成纳米级结构和图案的有吸引力的方法。然而，例如，响应温度和浓度变化而自发形成平衡纳米结构，必须加以引导才能产生给定场景中实用所需的长程有序和取向。在这篇综述中，我们研究了嵌段共聚物（BCP）的定向自组装（DSA），它是纳米结构软物质系统的典型例子，对于制造功能材料和器件也格外引人注目。我们从教程的角度审视了成熟的和新出现的DSA方法。特别强调探索潜在的物理现象，识别与不同DSA技术兼容的典型BCP，描述实验方法，并突出嵌段共聚物整体具有吸引力的功能特性。最后，我们对该领域一些未解决的问题和未来机遇提供了简要的展望。
