Johnsen Kasper Bendix, Gudbergsson Johann Mar, Skov Martin Najbjerg, Pilgaard Linda, Moos Torben, Duroux Meg
Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Biomedicine Group, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 3B, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark; Laboratory for Neurobiology, Biomedicine Group, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 3B, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark.
Laboratory for Cancer Biology, Biomedicine Group, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 3B, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014 Aug;1846(1):75-87. doi: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.04.005. Epub 2014 Apr 18.
Exosomes denote a class of secreted nanoparticles defined by size, surface protein and lipid composition, and the ability to carry RNA and proteins. They are important mediators of intercellular communication and regulators of the cellular niche, and their altered characteristics in many diseases, such as cancer, suggest them to be important both for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, prompting the idea of using exosomes as drug delivery vehicles, especially for gene therapy. This review covers the current status of evidence presented in the field of exosome-based drug delivery systems. Components for successful exosome-based drug delivery, such as choice of donor cell, therapeutic cargo, use of targeting peptide, loading method and administration route are highlighted and discussed with a general focus pertaining to the results obtained in models of different cancer types. In addition, completed and on-going clinical trials are described, evaluating exosome-based therapies for the treatment of different cancer types. Due to their endogenous origin, exosome-based drug delivery systems may have advantages in the treatment of cancer, but their design needs further refinement to justify their usage on the clinical scale.
外泌体是一类分泌型纳米颗粒，其定义基于大小、表面蛋白质和脂质组成以及携带RNA和蛋白质的能力。它们是细胞间通讯的重要介质和细胞微环境的调节因子，并且它们在许多疾病（如癌症）中的特征改变表明它们在诊断和治疗方面都很重要，这促使人们想到使用外泌体作为药物递送载体，尤其是用于基因治疗。本综述涵盖了基于外泌体的药物递送系统领域目前所呈现的证据状况。重点突出并讨论了成功的基于外泌体的药物递送的组成部分，如供体细胞的选择、治疗性货物、靶向肽的使用、装载方法和给药途径，并总体聚焦于在不同癌症类型模型中获得的结果。此外，还描述了已完成和正在进行的临床试验，这些试验评估了基于外泌体的疗法对不同癌症类型的治疗效果。由于其内源起源，基于外泌体的药物递送系统在癌症治疗中可能具有优势，但其设计需要进一步完善，以证明其在临床规模上的应用合理性。
