Chai Chao, Cheng Hongzhen, Ge Wei, Ma Dong, Shi Yanxi
College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.
College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.
PLoS One. 2014 Apr 18;9(4):e95701. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095701. eCollection 2014.
Soils at depths of 0 cm to 10 cm, 10 cm to 20 cm, and 20 cm to 40 cm from 37 vegetable greenhouses in Shandong Peninsula, East China, were collected, and 16 phthalic acid esters (PAEs) were detected using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). All 16 PAEs could be detected in soils from vegetable greenhouses. The total of 16 PAEs (Σ16PAEs) ranged from 1.939 mg/kg to 35.442 mg/kg, with an average of 6.748 mg/kg. Among four areas, including Qingdao, Weihai, Weifang, and Yantai, the average and maximum concentrations of Σ16PAEs in soils at depths of 0 cm to 10 cm appeared in Weifang, which has a long history of vegetable production and is famous for extensive greenhouse cultivation. Despite the different concentrations of Σ16PAEs, the PAE compositions were comparable. Among the 16 PAEs, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), and diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP) were the most abundant. Compared with the results on agricultural soils in China, soils that are being used or were used for vegetable greenhouses had higher PAE concentrations. Among PAEs, dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP) and DnBP exceeded soil allowable concentrations (in US) in more than 90% of the samples, and DnOP in more than 20%. Shandong Peninsula has the highest PAE contents, which suggests that this area is severely contaminated by PAEs.
采集了中国东部山东半岛37个蔬菜大棚0厘米至10厘米、10厘米至20厘米和20厘米至40厘米深度的土壤，采用气相色谱 - 质谱联用仪（GC - MS）检测了16种邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）。蔬菜大棚土壤中均可检测到所有16种PAEs。16种PAEs总量（Σ16PAEs）在1.939毫克/千克至35.442毫克/千克之间，平均为6.748毫克/千克。在青岛、威海、潍坊和烟台四个地区中，0厘米至10厘米深度土壤中Σ16PAEs的平均浓度和最高浓度出现在潍坊，该地蔬菜生产历史悠久，以广泛的温室种植而闻名。尽管Σ16PAEs浓度不同，但PAE的组成具有可比性。在16种PAEs中，邻苯二甲酸二（2 - 乙基己基）酯（DEHP）、邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯（DnOP）、邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯（DnBP）和邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯（DiBP）含量最高。与中国农业土壤的检测结果相比，正在使用或曾用于蔬菜大棚的土壤PAE浓度更高。在PAEs中，邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）和DnBP在90%以上的样品中超过了土壤允许浓度（美国标准），DnOP在20%以上的样品中超过该标准。山东半岛的PAE含量最高，表明该地区受到PAEs的严重污染。
