Wowkonowicz Paweł, Kijeńska Marta
Institute of Environmental Protection - National Research Institute, Environmental Chemistry and Risk Assessment Department, Warsaw, Poland.
PLoS One. 2017 Mar 30;12(3):e0174986. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174986. eCollection 2017.
Phthalate diesters (PAEs) are used as plasticizer additives to polymer chains to make the material more flexible and malleable. PAEs are bonded physically, not chemically, to the polymeric matrix and can migrate to and leach from the product surface, posing a serious danger to the environment and human health. There have been a number of studies on PAE concentrations in landfill leachate conducted in the EU and around the world, though few in Poland. In the present study, the leachate of five municipal landfills was analyzed for the presence of PAEs. Raw leachate was sampled four times over the period of one year in 2015/16. It was the first large study on this subject in Poland. PAEs were detected in the leachate samples on all of the landfills, thereby indicating that PAEs are ubiquitous environmental contaminants. The following PAEs were detected in at least one sample: Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), Diethyl phthalate (DEP), Dimethyl phthalate (DMP), Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), Di-isobutylphthalate (DIBP). Out of all ten PAEs, DEHP was the most predominant, with concentrations up to 73.9 μg/L. DEHP was present in 65% of analyzed samples (in 100% of samples in spring, 80% in winter, and 40% in summer and autumn). In only 25% of all samples DEHP was below the acceptable UE limit for surface water (1.3 μg/L), while 75% was from 1.7 to 56 times higher than that value. On the two largest landfills DEHP concentrations were observed during samples from all four seasons, including on a landfill which has been remediated and closed for the last 5 years.
邻苯二甲酸二酯（PAEs）用作聚合物链的增塑剂添加剂，以使材料更具柔韧性和可塑性。PAEs与聚合物基体通过物理方式而非化学方式结合，并且能够迁移至产品表面并从其表面渗出，对环境和人类健康构成严重威胁。欧盟及全球范围内开展了多项关于垃圾渗滤液中PAE浓度的研究，但在波兰开展的此类研究较少。在本研究中，对五个城市垃圾填埋场的渗滤液进行了PAEs检测。2015/16年期间，对原渗滤液进行了为期一年的四次采样。这是波兰首次针对该主题开展的大型研究。在所有垃圾填埋场的渗滤液样本中均检测到了PAEs，这表明PAEs是普遍存在的环境污染物。在至少一个样本中检测到了以下PAEs：邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）、邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）、邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯（DBP）、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯（DIBP）。在所有十种PAEs中，DEHP最为主要，其浓度高达73.9μg/L。65%的分析样本中存在DEHP（春季样本中100%存在，冬季样本中80%存在，夏季和秋季样本中40%存在）。在所有样本中，只有25%的DEHP低于地表水的欧盟可接受限值（1.3μg/L），而75%的样本中DEHP浓度比该值高1.7至56倍。在两个最大的垃圾填埋场，所有四季的样本中均观察到了DEHP浓度，包括在一个已修复并关闭了五年的垃圾填埋场。
