Li Haiqing, Song Sing I, Song Ga Young, Kim Il
J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2014 Feb;14(2):1425-40. doi: 10.1166/jnn.2014.9048.
Carbon nanostructures (CNSs) such as carbon nanotubes, graphene sheets, and nanodiamonds provide an important type of substrate for constructing a variety of hybrid nanomaterials. However, their intrinsic chemistry-inert surfaces make it indispensable to pre-functionalize them prior to immobilizing additional components onto their surfaces. Currently developed strategies for functionalizing CNSs include covalent and non-covalent approaches. Conventional covalent treatments often damage the structure integrity of carbon surfaces and adversely affect their physical properties. In contrast, the non-covalent approach offers a non-destructive way to modify CNSs with desired functional surfaces, while reserving their intrinsic properties. Thus far, a number of surface modifiers including aromatic compounds, small-molecular surfactants, amphiphilic polymers, and biomacromolecules have been developed to non-covalently functionalize CNS surfaces. Mediated by these surface modifiers, various functional components such as organic species and inorganic nanoparticles were further decorated onto their surfaces, resulting in versatile carbon-based hybrid nanomaterials with broad applications in chemical engineering and biomedical areas. In this review, the recent advances in the generation of such hybrid nanostructures based on non-covalently functionalized CNSs will be reviewed.
碳纳米结构（CNSs），如碳纳米管、石墨烯片和纳米金刚石，为构建各种杂化纳米材料提供了一种重要的基底类型。然而，它们固有的化学惰性表面使得在将其他组分固定到其表面之前对其进行预功能化变得不可或缺。目前开发的用于功能化CNSs的策略包括共价和非共价方法。传统的共价处理常常会破坏碳表面的结构完整性，并对其物理性质产生不利影响。相比之下，非共价方法提供了一种无损的方式来用所需的功能表面修饰CNSs，同时保留其固有性质。到目前为止，已经开发了许多表面改性剂，包括芳香族化合物、小分子表面活性剂、两亲聚合物和生物大分子，用于对CNS表面进行非共价功能化。在这些表面改性剂的介导下，各种功能组分，如有机物种和无机纳米颗粒，被进一步修饰到其表面，从而产生了在化学工程和生物医学领域具有广泛应用的多功能碳基杂化纳米材料。在这篇综述中，将对基于非共价功能化CNSs生成此类杂化纳米结构的最新进展进行综述。
