Neu Josef
Department of Pediatrics/Neonatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla., USA.
World Rev Nutr Diet. 2014;110:167-76. doi: 10.1159/000358465. Epub 2014 Apr 11.
The microbes in the human intestinal tract interact with the host to form a 'superorganism'. The functional aspects of the host microbe interactions are being increasingly scrutinized and it is becoming evident that this interaction in early life is critical for development of the immune system and metabolic function and aberrations may result in life-long health consequences. Evidence is suggesting that such interactions occur even before birth, where the microbes may be either beneficial or harmful, and possibly even triggering preterm birth. Mode of delivery, use of antibiotics, and other perturbations may have life-long consequences in terms of health and disease. Manipulating the microbiota by use of pro- and prebiotics may offer a means for maintenance of 'healthy' host microbe interactions, but over-exuberance in their use also has the potential to cause harm. Considerable controversy exists concerning the routine use of probiotics in the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis. This chapter will provide a brief overview of the developing intestinal microbiome and discuss the use of pro- and prebiotics in preterm infants.
人类肠道中的微生物与宿主相互作用，形成一种“超级生物体”。宿主与微生物相互作用的功能方面正受到越来越多的审视，并且越来越明显的是，这种早期生命中的相互作用对于免疫系统和代谢功能的发育至关重要，异常可能导致终身健康后果。有证据表明，这种相互作用甚至在出生前就已发生，此时微生物可能有益或有害，甚至可能引发早产。分娩方式、抗生素的使用以及其他干扰因素可能对健康和疾病产生终身影响。通过使用益生菌和益生元来调节微生物群可能为维持“健康的”宿主与微生物相互作用提供一种手段，但过度使用它们也有可能造成伤害。关于益生菌在预防坏死性小肠结肠炎中的常规使用存在相当大的争议。本章将简要概述发育中的肠道微生物群，并讨论益生菌和益生元在早产儿中的应用。
