德国口吃治疗的效果。
The effectiveness of stuttering treatments in Germany.
机构信息
Department of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, Clinic of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bleichstr. 16, D-44787 Bochum, Germany.
Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Waldweg 37, D-37073 Goettingen, Germany.
出版信息
J Fluency Disord. 2014 Mar;39:1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2014.01.002. Epub 2014 Jan 27.
PURPOSE
Persons who stutter (PWS) should be referred to the most effective treatments available, locally or regionally. A prospective comparison of the effects of the most common stuttering treatments in Germany is not available. Therefore, a retrospective evaluation by clients of stuttering treatments was carried out.
METHOD
The five most common German stuttering treatments (231 single treatment cases) were rated as to their perceived effectiveness, using a structured questionnaire, by 88 PWS recruited through various sources. The participants had received between 1 and 7 treatments for stuttering.
RESULTS
Two stuttering treatments (stuttering modification, fluency shaping) showed favorable and three treatments (breathing therapy, hypnosis, unspecified logopedic treatment) showed unsatisfactory effectiveness ratings. The effectiveness ratings of stuttering modification and fluency shaping did not differ significantly. The three other treatments were equally ineffective. The differences between the effective and ineffective treatments were of large effect sizes. The typical therapy biography begins in childhood with an unspecified logopedic treatment administered extensively in single and individual sessions. Available comparisons showed intensive or interval treatments to be superior to extensive treatments, and group treatments to be superior to single client treatments.
CONCLUSION
The stuttering treatment most often prescribed in Germany, namely a weekly session of individual treatment by a speech-language pathologist, usually with an assorted package of mostly unknown components, is of limited effectiveness. Better effectiveness can be expected from fluency shaping or stuttering modification approaches, preferably with an intensive time schedule and with group sessions.
EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
Readers will be able to: (a) discuss the five most prevalent stuttering treatments in Germany; (b) summarize the effectiveness of these treatments; and (c) describe structural treatment components that seem to be preferable across different kinds of treatments.
目的
口吃者（PWS）应转介到当地或地区可获得的最有效治疗方法。目前尚无关于德国最常见口吃治疗方法效果的前瞻性比较。因此，对口吃治疗的客户进行了回顾性评估。
方法
通过各种来源招募的 88 名 PWS 使用结构化问卷对德国最常见的五种口吃治疗方法（231 例单一治疗病例）的效果进行了评估。参与者接受了 1 到 7 次口吃治疗。
结果
两种口吃治疗方法（口吃矫正、流畅塑造）的效果评价较好，而三种治疗方法（呼吸疗法、催眠、未明确的言语治疗）的效果评价较差。口吃矫正和流畅塑造的效果评价无显著差异。其他三种治疗方法同样无效。有效治疗与无效治疗之间的差异具有较大的效应大小。典型的治疗过程始于儿童时期，接受广泛的未明确的言语治疗，通常在单次和个体治疗中进行。可用的比较表明，密集或间隔治疗优于广泛治疗，小组治疗优于单一客户治疗。
结论
德国最常开的口吃治疗方法，即言语治疗师每周进行一次个体治疗，通常采用包含多种未知成分的组合套餐，其效果有限。流畅塑造或口吃矫正方法可能会有更好的效果，最好采用密集的时间表和小组治疗。
教育目标
读者将能够：(a) 讨论德国最常见的五种口吃治疗方法；(b) 总结这些治疗方法的效果；(c) 描述不同治疗方法中似乎更可取的结构治疗成分。
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