Neumann K
Abt. für Phoniatrie und Pädaudiologie, Klinik für Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Katholisches Klinikum Bochum, St.-Elisabeth-Hospital, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bleichstr. 16, 44787, Bochum, Deutschland.
HNO. 2019 Jul;67(7):547-560. doi: 10.1007/s00106-019-0694-7.
Persistent speech fluency disorders, mostly stuttering and less frequently cluttering, occur in approximately 1% of children and adolescents. They considerably impair the social participation and quality of life of those affected. The German interdisciplinary evidence-based S3 guidelines provide information about the pathogenesis, diagnostics and treatment of speech fluency disorders and contain a systematic review on the efficacy of stuttering treatment. For preschool children the Lidcombe therapy shows the best evidence of efficacy. Strong evidence also exists for an indirect approach. For adolescents and recently for children aged 6‑12 years old there is a high level of evidence for speech restructuring methods, such as fluency shaping. There is weak evidence for stuttering modification procedures and for combined speech restructuring and stuttering modification approaches. Negative evidence exists for the eclectic, unspecified stuttering therapies, breathing regulation, and hypnosis, which are frequently applied in Germany. An early start of treatment is decisive.
持续性言语流畅性障碍，主要是口吃，较少见的是言语紊乱，约1%的儿童和青少年会出现此类障碍。它们严重损害了患者的社会参与度和生活质量。德国跨学科循证S3指南提供了有关言语流畅性障碍的发病机制、诊断和治疗的信息，并包含对口吃治疗效果的系统评价。对于学龄前儿童，利德combe疗法显示出最佳的疗效证据。对于间接治疗方法也有强有力的证据。对于青少年以及最近对于6至12岁的儿童，言语重构方法（如流畅性塑造）有高水平的证据支持。口吃矫正程序以及言语重构与口吃矫正相结合的方法证据不足。在德国经常应用的折衷、未明确说明的口吃疗法、呼吸调节和催眠疗法存在负面证据。尽早开始治疗是关键。
