亚太六国的人际信任：检验与拓展“高信任社会”和“低信任社会”理论
Interpersonal trust across six Asia-Pacific countries: testing and extending the 'high trust society' and 'low trust society' theory.
作者信息
Ward Paul R, Mamerow Loreen, Meyer Samantha B
机构信息
Discipline of Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2014 Apr 23;9(4):e95555. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095555. eCollection 2014.
BACKGROUND
Trust is regarded as a necessary component for the smooth running of society, although societal and political modernising processes have been linked to an increase in mistrust, potentially signalling social and economic problems. Fukuyama developed the notion of 'high trust' and 'low trust' societies, as a way of understanding trust within different societies. The purpose of this paper is to empirically test and extend Fukuyama's theory utilising data on interpersonal trust in Taiwan, Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Australia and Thailand. This paper focuses on trust in family, neighbours, strangers, foreigners and people with a different religion.
METHODS
Cross-sectional surveys were undertaken in 2009-10, with an overall sample of 6331. Analyses of differences in overall levels of trust between countries were undertaken using Chi square analyses. Multivariate binomial logistic regression analysis was undertaken to identify socio-demographic predictors of trust in each country.
RESULTS
Our data indicate a tripartite trust model: 'high trust' in Australia and Hong Kong; 'medium trust' in Japan and Taiwan; and 'low trust' in South Korea and Thailand. Trust in family and neighbours were very high across all countries, although trust in people with a different religion, trust in strangers and trust in foreigners varied considerably between countries. The regression models found a consistent group of subpopulations with low trust across the countries: people on low incomes, younger people and people with poor self-rated health. The results were conflicting for gender: females had lower trust in Thailand and Hong Kong, although in Australia, males had lower trust in strangers, whereas females had lower trust in foreigners.
CONCLUSION
This paper identifies high, medium and low trust societies, in addition to high and low trusting population subgroups. Our analyses extend the seminal work of Fukuyama, providing both corroboration and refutation for his theory.
背景
信任被视为社会平稳运行的必要组成部分，尽管社会和政治现代化进程与不信任感的增加有关，这可能预示着社会和经济问题。福山提出了“高信任”和“低信任”社会的概念，作为理解不同社会中信任的一种方式。本文旨在利用台湾、香港、韩国、日本、澳大利亚和泰国的人际信任数据，对福山的理论进行实证检验和拓展。本文关注对家人、邻居、陌生人、外国人以及不同宗教信仰者的信任。
方法
在2009 - 2010年进行了横断面调查，总样本量为6331。使用卡方分析对各国之间信任总体水平的差异进行分析。进行多变量二项逻辑回归分析，以确定每个国家信任的社会人口统计学预测因素。
结果
我们的数据表明存在一种三方信任模型：澳大利亚和香港为“高信任”；日本和台湾为“中等信任”；韩国和泰国为“低信任”。在所有国家中，对家人和邻居的信任都非常高，尽管对不同宗教信仰者的信任、对陌生人的信任以及对外国人的信任在各国之间差异很大。回归模型发现，各国中存在一组一致的低信任亚群体：低收入人群、年轻人以及自评健康状况较差的人。关于性别的结果存在矛盾：在泰国和香港，女性的信任度较低，而在澳大利亚，男性对陌生人的信任度较低，而女性对外国人的信任度较低。
结论
本文除了识别出高信任和低信任人群亚组外，还确定了高信任、中等信任和低信任社会。我们的分析扩展了福山的开创性工作，为他的理论提供了支持和反驳。
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