Jiang Yannan, Yu Yingyan
Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2014 Apr;17(4):407-10.
The gene knockout is based on the DNA homologous recombination and embryonic stem cell technology. It is an experimental method for modification of specific gene loci, which is one of the most direct means to clarifying gene functions. The similarity of genomes between mouse and human is as high as up to 95%. The life cycle of mice is relatively short, and easy to breed with stronger reproductive capacity. Therefore, the knockout mice are suitable for observing the whole process of disease pathogenesis. With genetic manipulation technology, researchers can produce the simulations of phenotypic effect by human genetic variation. This article focuses on genetically engineered mice models and their application in gastrointestinal cancer.
基因敲除基于DNA同源重组和胚胎干细胞技术。它是一种用于修饰特定基因位点的实验方法，是阐明基因功能最直接的手段之一。小鼠和人类基因组的相似度高达95%。小鼠的生命周期相对较短，易于繁殖且繁殖能力较强。因此，基因敲除小鼠适合观察疾病发病机制的全过程。借助基因操作技术，研究人员可以通过人类基因变异产生表型效应的模拟。本文重点介绍基因工程小鼠模型及其在胃肠道癌中的应用。
