Corumluoglu Ozsen, Asri Ibrahim
Department of Geomatics, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey,
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2015 Mar;22(5):3202-11. doi: 10.1007/s11356-014-2874-z. Epub 2014 Apr 26.
Depending on the researches done on urban landscapes, it is found that the heat island intensity caused by the activities in any city has some impact on the ecosystem of the region and on the regional climate. Urban areas located in arid and semiarid lands somehow represent heat increase when it is compared with the heat in the surrounding rural areas. Thus, cities located amid forested and temperate climate regions show moderate temperatures. The impervious surfaces let the rainfall leave the city lands faster than undeveloped areas. This effect reduces water's cooling effects on these lands. More significantly, if trees and other vegetations are rare in any region, it means less evapotranspiration-the process by which trees "exhale" water. Trees also contribute to the cooling of urban lands by their shade. Land cover and land use maps can easily be produced by processing of remote sensing satellites' images, like processing of Landsat's images. As a result of this process, urban regions can be distinguished from vegetation. Analyzed GIS data produced and supported by these images can be utilized to determine the impact of urban land on energy, water, and carbon balances at the Earth's surface. Here in this study, it is found that remote sensing technique with thermal images is a liable technique to asses where urban heat islands and hot spots are located in cities. As an application area, in Izmir, it was found that the whole city was in high level of surface temperature as it was over 28 °C during the summer times. Beside this, the highest temperature values which go up to 47 °C are obtained at industrial regions especially where the iron-steel factories and the related industrial activities are.
根据对城市景观的研究发现，任何城市的活动所造成的热岛强度对该地区的生态系统和区域气候都有一定影响。与周边农村地区的热量相比，位于干旱和半干旱地区的城市地区在某种程度上表现出热量增加。因此，位于森林覆盖和温带气候地区的城市气温适中。不透水表面使降雨比未开发地区更快地离开城市土地。这种效应降低了水对这些土地的冷却作用。更重要的是，如果任何地区树木和其他植被稀少，这意味着蒸发散（树木“呼出”水分的过程）较少。树木还通过其树荫有助于城市土地的降温。通过处理遥感卫星图像，如处理陆地卫星的图像，可以轻松制作土地覆盖和土地利用地图。通过这个过程，可以将城市区域与植被区分开来。由这些图像生成并支持的分析后的地理信息系统数据可用于确定城市土地对地球表面能量、水和碳平衡的影响。在本研究中发现，利用热图像的遥感技术是评估城市热岛和热点在城市中位置的可靠技术。作为一个应用领域，在伊兹密尔发现，整个城市在夏季表面温度处于高水平，超过28摄氏度。除此之外，最高温度值可达47摄氏度，尤其在工业区，特别是钢铁厂及相关工业活动所在的地区。
