Kasniza Jumari Nasrin Adlin Syahirah, Ahmed Ali Najah, Huang Yuk Feng, Ng Jing Lin, Koo Chai Hoon, Chong Kai Lun, Sherif Mohsen, Elshafie Ahmed
Department of Civil Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Sg. Long, Bandar Sg. Long, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang, 43000, Selangor, Malaysia.
Heliyon. 2023 Jul 22;9(8):e18424. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18424. eCollection 2023 Aug.
Cities are growing geographically in response to the enormous increase in urban population; consequently, comprehending growth and environmental changes is critical for long-term planning. Urbanization transforms naturally permeable surfaces into impermeable surfaces, causing an increase in urban land surface temperature, leading to the phenomenon known as urban heat islands. The urban heat islands are noticeable across Malaysia's rural communities and villages, particularly in Kuala Lumpur. These effects must be addressed to slow, if not halt, climate change and meet the Paris Agreement's 2030 goal. The study posits an application of thermal remote sensing utilizing a space-borne satellite-based technique to demonstrate urban evolution for urban heat island analysis and its relationship to land surface temperature. The urban heat island (UHI) was analyzed by converting infrared radiation into visible thermal images utilizing thermal imaging from remote sensing techniques. The heat island is validated by reference to the characteristics of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), which define the land surface temperature (LST) of distinct locations. Based on the digital information from the satellite, the highest temperature difference between urban and rural regions for a few chosen cities in 2013 varied from 10.8 to 25.5 °C, while in 2021, it ranged from 16.1 to 26.73 °C, highlighting crucial temperature changes. The results from ANOVA test has substantially strengthened the credibility of the significant temperature changes. Some notable reveals are as follows: The Sungai Batu area, due to its rapid development and industry growth, was more vulnerable to elevated urban heat due to reduced vegetation cover; therefore, higher relative vulnerability. Contrary, the Bukit Ketumbar area, which region lies in the woodland region, experienced the lowest, with urban heat islands reading from 2013 at -0.3044 and 0.0154 in 2021. It shows that despite having urban heat islands increase two-fold from 2013 to 2021, increasing the amount of vegetation coverage is a simple and effective way of reducing the urban heat island effect, as evidenced by the low urban heat islands in the Bukit Ketumbar woodland region. The study findings are critical for advising municipal officials and urban planners to decrease urban heat islands by investing in open green spaces.
随着城市人口的大幅增长，城市在地理上不断扩张；因此，了解城市增长和环境变化对于长期规划至关重要。城市化将自然可渗透表面转变为不可渗透表面，导致城市陆地表面温度升高，从而引发城市热岛现象。马来西亚的农村社区和村庄，尤其是吉隆坡，城市热岛现象明显。必须解决这些影响，以减缓（即便无法阻止）气候变化，并实现《巴黎协定》的2030年目标。该研究提出应用基于星载卫星技术的热遥感来展示城市热岛分析的城市演变及其与陆地表面温度的关系。利用遥感技术的热成像将红外辐射转换为可见热图像，对城市热岛（UHI）进行分析。通过参考归一化差异植被指数（NDVI）的特征来验证热岛，NDVI定义了不同位置的陆地表面温度（LST）。根据卫星提供的数字信息，2013年几个选定城市的城乡最高温差在10.8至25.5摄氏度之间，而在2021年，这一范围为16.1至26.73摄氏度，突出了关键的温度变化。方差分析测试的结果大大增强了显著温度变化的可信度。一些值得注意的发现如下：双溪峇都地区由于其快速发展和工业增长，植被覆盖减少，更容易受到城市热岛加剧的影响；因此，相对脆弱性更高。相反，位于林地地区的武吉克通巴尔地区热岛效应最低，2013年城市热岛读数为-0.3044，2021年为0.0154。这表明，尽管2013年至2021年城市热岛效应增加了两倍，但增加植被覆盖量是减少城市热岛效应的一种简单有效的方法，武吉克通巴尔林地地区的低城市热岛效应证明了这一点。研究结果对于建议市政官员和城市规划者通过投资开放绿地来减少城市热岛效应至关重要。
