Maida Marcello, Orlando Emanuele, Cammà Calogero, Cabibbo Giuseppe
Marcello Maida, Emanuele Orlando, Calogero Cammà, Giuseppe Cabibbo, Section of Gastroenterology, DIBIMIS, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
World J Gastroenterol. 2014 Apr 21;20(15):4141-50. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i15.4141.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health problem with a high incidence and mortality all over the world. Natural history of HCC is severe and extremely variable, and prognostic factors influencing outcomes are incompletely defined. Over time, many staging and scoring systems have been proposed for the classification and prognosis of patients with HCC. Currently, the non-ideal predictive performance of existing prognostic systems is secondary to their inherent limitations, as well as to a non-universal reproducibility and transportability of the results in different populations. New serological and histological markers are still under evaluation with promising results, but they require further evaluation and external validation. The aim of this review is to highlight the main tools for assessing the prognosis of HCC and the main concerns, pitfalls and warnings regarding its staging systems currently in use.
肝细胞癌（HCC）是一个重大的健康问题，在全球范围内发病率和死亡率都很高。HCC的自然病程严重且极不稳定，影响预后的因素尚未完全明确。随着时间的推移，人们提出了许多分期和评分系统用于HCC患者的分类和预后评估。目前，现有预后系统的预测性能不理想，这归因于其固有的局限性，以及在不同人群中结果缺乏普遍的可重复性和可转移性。新的血清学和组织学标志物仍在评估中，结果令人鼓舞，但它们需要进一步评估和外部验证。本综述的目的是强调评估HCC预后的主要工具，以及目前使用的分期系统的主要问题、陷阱和注意事项。
