Kumari Sarita, Tayal Pamil, Sharma Esha, Kapoor Rupam
Applied Mycology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India.
Applied Mycology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India.
Microbiol Res. 2014 Nov;169(11):862-72. doi: 10.1016/j.micres.2014.02.012. Epub 2014 Mar 12.
Seventy nine isolates of Botrytis cinerea were collected from different host plants and different locations of India and Nepal. All the isolates were identified as B. cinerea based on morphological features and were confirmed using B. cinerea specific primers. Differentiation among the isolates was assessed using morphological, genetic and biochemical approaches. To analyze morphological variability, differences in conidial size, presence or absence of sclerotia and their arrangement were observed. Genetic variability was characterized using RAPD analysis, presence or absence of transposons and mating type genes. Cluster analysis based on RAPD markers was used for defining groups on the basis of geographical region and host. The biochemical approach included determining differences in concentration of oxalic acid and activity of lytic enzymes. All the isolates were categorized into different pathogenic groups on the basis their variable reaction towards chickpea plants. Isolates with higher concentration of oxalic acid and greater activity of lytic enzymes were generally more pathogenic. Pathogenicity was also correlated to transposons. Isolates containing transposa group showed some degree of correlation with pathogenic behavior. However, isolates could not be grouped on the basis of a single approach which provides evidence of their wide diversity and high evolution potential. Sensitivity of sampled isolates was also tested against five botryticides. Most of the isolates from same region were inhibited by a particular fungicide. This feature provided interesting cues and would assist in devising novel and more effective measures for managing the disease.
从印度和尼泊尔的不同寄主植物及不同地点采集了79株灰葡萄孢菌分离株。根据形态特征将所有分离株鉴定为灰葡萄孢菌，并使用灰葡萄孢菌特异性引物进行了确认。采用形态学、遗传学和生物化学方法评估分离株之间的差异。为分析形态变异性，观察了分生孢子大小、菌核的有无及其排列的差异。利用RAPD分析、转座子的有无以及交配型基因来表征遗传变异性。基于RAPD标记的聚类分析用于根据地理区域和寄主定义群体。生物化学方法包括测定草酸浓度和裂解酶活性的差异。根据分离株对鹰嘴豆植株的不同反应，将所有分离株分为不同的致病组。草酸浓度较高且裂解酶活性较强的分离株通常致病性更强。致病性也与转座子相关。含有转座子组的分离株与致病行为表现出一定程度的相关性。然而，不能基于单一方法对分离株进行分组，这证明了它们具有广泛的多样性和高进化潜力。还测试了采样分离株对五种杀菌剂的敏感性。同一地区的大多数分离株受到特定杀菌剂的抑制。这一特征提供了有趣的线索，将有助于制定新颖且更有效的病害防治措施。
