Parrott Heather Macpherson
Long Island University, Post, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, 720 Northern Boulevard, Brookville, NY 11548, United States.
Soc Sci Res. 2014 Jul;46:72-84. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.02.004. Epub 2014 Feb 17.
Motherhood affects women's household labor and paid employment, but little previous research has explored the extent to which hours of housework may explain per child wage penalties or differences in such penalties across racial-ethnic groups. In this paper, I use longitudinal Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) data to examine how variations in household labor affect the motherhood penalty for White, Black, and Hispanic women. In doing so, I first assess how children affect hours of household labor across these groups and then explore the extent to which this household labor mediates the relationship between children and wages for these women. I find that household labor explains a portion of the motherhood penalty for White women, who experience the most dramatic increases in household labor with additional children. Black and Hispanic women experience slight increases in housework with additional children, but neither children nor housework affects their already low wages.
母亲身份会影响女性的家务劳动和有偿工作，但此前几乎没有研究探讨过家务劳动时长在多大程度上可以解释每个孩子带来的工资惩罚，或者不同种族-族裔群体在这种惩罚上的差异。在本文中，我使用收入动态长期跟踪调查（PSID）的纵向数据，来研究家务劳动的变化如何影响白人、黑人及西班牙裔女性的母亲身份惩罚。在此过程中，我首先评估孩子如何影响这些群体的家务劳动时长，然后探究这种家务劳动在多大程度上调节了孩子与这些女性工资之间的关系。我发现，家务劳动解释了白人女性母亲身份惩罚的一部分原因，白人女性随着孩子数量增加，家务劳动增加最为显著。黑人及西班牙裔女性随着孩子数量增加，家务劳动略有增加，但孩子和家务劳动都没有影响她们本就较低的工资。
