Barnes David S
Bull Hist Med. 2014 Spring;88(1):75-101. doi: 10.1353/bhm.2014.0018.
In the nineteenth century, maritime quarantine officials often paid more attention to ships' cargo than they did to the health of passengers or crew members. Based on a close reading of the everyday practice of quarantine at Philadelphia's Lazaretto (1801-1895), this article suggests that the historical significance of quarantine has been distorted by its association with the etiological debate over contagion and with xenophobic responses to immigration. In fact, the practice of quarantine rested neither on contagionist medical doctrine nor on nativism. Rather, it was based on the danger of infection, an elusive but fundamental concept in nineteenth-century public health. The concern about cargo rather than people-and the logic of infection it reflects-bespeak a widely shared set of perceptions of illness and public health in the first three-quarters of the nineteenth century that is not captured by discussions of contagion or of anti-immigrant bias.
在19世纪，海上检疫官员往往更关注船只的货物，而不是乘客或船员的健康。通过仔细研读费城拉扎雷托（1801年至1895年）的日常检疫实践，本文认为，检疫的历史意义因与关于传染病的病因学辩论以及对移民的仇外反应联系在一起而被扭曲。事实上，检疫实践既不基于传染主义医学理论，也不基于本土主义。相反，它基于感染的危险，这是19世纪公共卫生中一个难以捉摸但又至关重要的概念。对货物而非人的关注——以及它所反映的感染逻辑——表明了19世纪前三季度人们对疾病和公共卫生的一系列广泛共有的认知，而关于传染或反移民偏见的讨论并未涵盖这些认知。
