Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
BMC Oral Health. 2014 Apr 28;14:42. doi: 10.1186/1472-6831-14-42.
Literature reports have indicated an increase in research evidence suggesting association between periodontal disease and the risk of pre-term birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW). Periodontal diseases in Uganda have been documented as a public health problem, but their association to adverse pregnancy outcomes is unknown. This study was conducted to assess the association between periodontital diseases in postpartum mothers and PTB and LBW of babies in Mulago and Mbarara referral hospitals.
This was a cross sectional study using medical records, clinical examination and oral interview of mothers at the two tertiary health facilities. Mothers with singleton babies from Mulago (n = 300) and Mbarara Hospital (n = 100) were recruited for the study. The women were clinically examined for periodontal disease by 2 trained and calibrated dentists. Data on PTB and LBW were retrieved from medical records. The data were analyzed to determine the relationship between the four parameters for periodontal disease (bleeding gingiva, periodontal pockets, gingival recession and calculus with plaque deposits) and the adverse pregnancy outcomes. Frequency distribution was used to describe the data. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to study the association between the periodontal diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Approximately 26% and 29% of the postpartum mothers examined had bleeding gingiva and periodontal pockets of 4 mm or more deep, respectively. Advanced periodontitis i.e. pocket depth ≥ 6 mm was recorded in 13 (3.6%) of the mothers. Calculus with plaque deposits were recorded in 86% (n = 343) of the mothers. Gingival recession was recorded in 9.0% of the mothers and significantly and directly related to birth weight (p < 0.05).
Periodontal conditions of postpartum mothers in this study were found to be better than previously reported amongst the Ugandan population. Bivariate analysis showed a significant association only between gingival recession and low birth weight. However, this finding should be interpreted with caution as it could have occurred by chance.
文献报道表明，牙周病与早产（PTB）和低出生体重（LBW）风险之间存在关联的研究证据有所增加。乌干达的牙周病已被记录为公共卫生问题，但它们与不良妊娠结局的关联尚不清楚。本研究旨在评估产后母亲的牙周病与穆拉戈和姆巴拉拉转诊医院婴儿的 PTB 和 LBW 之间的关系。
这是一项在两家三级保健机构使用病历、临床检查和对母亲进行口腔访谈的横断面研究。从穆拉戈（n=300）和姆巴拉拉医院（n=100）招募了单胎婴儿的母亲参加这项研究。由 2 名经过培训和校准的牙医对母亲进行牙周病的临床检查。从病历中检索关于 PTB 和 LBW 的数据。对数据进行分析以确定牙周病的四个参数（牙龈出血、牙周袋、牙龈退缩和有牙石和菌斑沉积的牙垢）与不良妊娠结局之间的关系。使用频率分布来描述数据。使用单变量和多变量分析来研究牙周病与不良妊娠结局之间的关系。
大约 26%和 29%的产后母亲分别有牙龈出血和牙周袋深度为 4 毫米或更深。13 名（3.6%）母亲记录了晚期牙周炎，即牙周袋深度≥6 毫米。在 86%（n=343）的母亲中记录了有牙石和菌斑沉积。9.0%的母亲有牙龈退缩，且与出生体重显著相关（p<0.05）。
本研究中产后母亲的牙周状况被发现优于乌干达人群之前的报告。单变量分析显示，只有牙龈退缩与低出生体重之间存在显著关联。然而，由于这种关联可能是偶然发生的，因此应谨慎解释这一发现。
